Ma^(Are) waxaad raadinaysaa inaad fahanto waxa ay tahay Burburinta^{(Fragmentation)} iyo Burburinta^{(Defragmentation)} ? Markaa waxaad timid meesha saxda ah, maadaama maanta aan fahmi doono macnaha dhabta ah ee ereyadani. Iyo marka la rabo in la kala daadiyo oo la kala gooyo.

Waagii hore ee kombuyuutarrada, waxaan haysanay, hadda kayd qadiimi ah sida cajalado birlab ah, kaadhadhka feerka, cajaladaha feerka, floppy disk-yada magnetka ah, iyo dhawr kale. Kuwani waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad u hooseeya kaydinta iyo xawliga. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan la isku halleyn karin maadaama ay si fudud u musuqmaasuqi lahaayeen. Arrimahani waxay aafeeyeen warshadaha kumbuyuutarka si ay u abuuraan tignoolajiyada kaydinta cusub. Natiijo ahaan, waxaa yimid darawalada diskooga ee halyeeyada ah ee isticmaalay magnets si ay u kaydiyaan una soo saaraan xogta. Mawduuc ka dhexeeya dhammaan noocyada kaydintan ayaa ahaa in si loo akhriyo qayb ka mid ah macluumaadka gaarka ah, waa in dhammaan warbaahinta loo akhriyo si isku xigta.

Aad bay uga dheereeyeen warbaahinta kaydinta qadiimiga ah ee aan soo sheegnay laakiin waxay la yimaadeen qoonsigooda. Mid ka mid ah arrimaha ku saabsan darawallada adag ee magnetka ah ayaa loo yaqaan 'fragmentation'.

Waa maxay Tafaraaruqa iyo Defragmentation?^{(What are Fragmentation and Defragmentation?)}

Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad maqashay ereyada kala qaybinta iyo kala qaybinta. Weligaa ma is weydiisay waxay ula jeedaan? Ama sida nidaamku u fuliyo hawlgalladan? Aynu ka barano wax walba oo ku saabsan shuruudahan.

Waa maxay Tafaraaruqa?

Waxaa muhiim ah in aan barano sida uu u shaqeeyo Hard Disk-gu ka hor inta aanan sahmin adduunka kala daadsanaanta. Hard Disk-gu waxa uu ka kooban yahay dhawr qaybood, laakiin waxa jira laba qaybood oo waaweyn oo aynu u baahannahay in aynu ogaano kan ugu horreeya oo ah “ platter -ka ”, tani waa sida aad u malaynayso saxan bir ah, balse yar oo ku filan oo ku habboon saxanka.

Waxa jira dhawr saxan oo bir ah oo leh lakab yar oo bir ah oo ku dul yaal, saxanadahan birta ahna waxa ay kaydiyaan dhammaan xogtayada. Saxanku wuxuu ku socdaa xawaare aad u sarreeya laakiin badanaa wuxuu ku socdaa xawaare joogto ah oo ah 5400 RPM (Revolutions per minute) ama 7200 RPM.

Sida ugu dhaqsaha badan ee RPM saxan-guudeedka ayaa si dhaqso leh u kordhiya xogta waqtiyada wax akhrinta/qorista. Midda labaad waa qayb loo yaqaan ' Disk read/write head' ama "spinner head" oo la saaray saxanadahan, madaxani wuu soo qaadayaa oo wax ka beddelayaa calaamadaha magnetic ee ka imanaya saxanka. Xogta waxa lagu kaydiyaa qaybo yaryar oo loo yaqaan qaybo.

Markaa mar kasta oo hawl cusub ama faylal cusub la sameeyo ayaa la abuuraa qaybo cusub oo xusuusta ah. Si kastaba ha noqotee, si aad ugu hufanaato booska diskka, nidaamku wuxuu isku dayaa inuu buuxiyo qaybta ama qaybaha aan hore loo isticmaalin. Waa halka ay ka timi arrinta ugu weyn ee tafaraaruqa. Maadaama xogta ay ku kaydsan tahay jajab dhammaan Hard Disk-ga, mar kasta oo aan u baahanahay in aan helno xog gaar ah waa in nidaamku maraa dhammaan jajabyadaas, taasina waxay ka dhigaysaa habka oo dhan iyo sidoo kale nidaamka guud ahaan mid aad u gaabis ah. .

Ka baxsan adduunka xisaabinta, waa maxay kala qaybsanaan? Jajabku waa qaybo yar oo shay ah oo marka la isku geeyo, ay sameeyaan dhammaan qaybaha. Waa isla fikradda halkan lagu isticmaalo. Nidaamku wuxuu kaydiyaa dhawr fayl. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah faylashaas waa la furay, lagu dhejiyay, la kaydiyay oo haddana la kaydiyay. Marka cabbirka feylku uu ka badan yahay sidii uu ahaan jiray ka hor inta aan nidaamku soo saarin feylka si loo tafatiro, waxaa loo baahan yahay kala qaybsanaan. Faylka waxaa loo kala qaybiyaa qaybo waxaana qaybaha lagu kaydiyaa meelo kala duwan oo ah goobta kaydinta. Qaybahan waxaa sidoo kale loo tixraacaa 'jajab'. Aaladaha^(Tools) sida Jadwalka Qoondaynta Faylka (FAT)^{(File Allocation Table (FAT))} waxa loo isticmaalaa in lagu ogaado meesha ay yaaliin jajabyada kala duwan ee kaydinta.

Kani maaha mid adiga kuu muuqda, isticmaalaha. Iyadoo aan loo eegin^{(Irrespective)} sida faylka loo kaydiyo, waxaad arki doontaa faylka oo dhan meesha aad ku kaydisay nidaamkaaga. Laakin marka la eego darawalka adag, arrimuhu aad bay u kala duwan yihiin. Qaybaha kala duwan ee feylku waxay ku kala firdhisan yihiin agabka kaydinta. Marka isticmaaluhu gujiyo feylka si uu mar kale u furo, Hard Disk-gu si dhakhso ah ayuu isugu ururiyaa dhammaan jajabyada, sidaas darteed adiga ayaa laguu soo bandhigay guud ahaan.

Sidoo kale akhri: ^{(Also Read:)} Waa maxay Aaladaha Maamulka ee ku jira Windows 10?^{(What are Administrative Tools in Windows 10?)}

Is barbar dhig ku habboon in la fahmo kala qaybsanaantu waxay noqonaysaa ciyaarta turubka. Aynu ka soo qaadno inaad u baahan tahay kaarar dhan si aad u ciyaarto. Haddii kaadhadhku ku kala firirsan yihiin goobta, waa inaad ka soo ururisaa qaybo kala duwan si aad u hesho sagxada oo dhan. Kaararka kala firidhsan waxa loo malayn karaa inay yihiin jajabkii faylka. Ururinta kaadhadhku waxay la mid tahay Hard Disk-ga oo ururinaya jajabyada marka faylka la soo qaado.

Sababta ka dambeysa kala daadsanaanta  ^{(The reason behind fragmentation  )}

Hadda oo aan xoogaa caddayn ah u haysanno kala-jajabinta, aan fahanno sababta qaybintu u dhacdo. Qaab dhismeedka nidaamka faylka ayaa ah sababta koowaad ee ka dambeysa kala qaybsanaanta. Aynu nidhaahno, faylka waa tirtiray isticmaale. Hadda, meesha ay qabsatay waa bilaash. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, booskani ma noqon karo mid weyn oo lagu dejiyo guud ahaan fayl cusub. Hadday arrintu sidaas tahay, faylka cusubi wuu kala qaybsan yahay, qaybaha waxaa lagu kaydiyaa meelo kala duwan oo bannaan. Mararka qaarkood, nidaamka feylku wuxuu kaydiyaa meel ka badan faylka intii loo baahnaa, isaga oo ka tagaya boosaska kaydinta.

Waxa jira habab hawleed kaydiya faylalka iyada oo aan la fulinin kala daadsanaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la isticmaalayo Windows^(Windows) , kala qaybsanaantu waa sida faylasha loo kaydiyo.

Waa maxay dhibaatooyinka iman kara ee ka dhalanaya kala qaybsanaantu?^{(What are the potential problems resulting from fragmentation?)}

Marka faylasha loo kaydiyo hab habaysan, waxa ay qaadanaysaa wakhti yar in dariiqa adag uu soo saaro faylka. Haddii faylasha lagu kaydiyo jajab, Hard Diskgu waa inuu daboolaa meelo badan marka la soo saarayo faylka. Ugu dambayntii, maadaama faylal badan oo badan loo kaydiyay sidii jajab ahaan, nidaamkaagu wuu yarayn doonaa sababtoo ah wakhtiga lagu qaatay in la soo qaado laguna ururiyo jajabyada kala duwan inta lagu jiro soo celinta.

Isbarbardhig ku habboon tan si loo fahmo - tixgeli maktabadda loo yaqaan adeegga caajiska ah. Shaqaaluhu ma beddelo buugaagta la soo celiyay ee khaanadaha ku yaal. Taa beddelkeeda waxay buugaagta saarayaan shelf ugu dhow miiskooda. In kasta oo ay u muuqato in wakhti badan la kaydiyo inta buugaagta sidan loo kaydinayo, dhibka dhabta ahi waxa uu ka dhashaa marka macaamiishu uu rabo in uu amaahdo mid ka mid ah buugaagtan. Waxay qaadan doontaa wakhti dheer in shaqaaleyuhu uu ka dhex baadho buugaagta sida aan kala sooc lahayn u kaydsan.

Tani waa sababta kala qaybinta loogu yeero 'xun lagama maarmaan ah'. Way ka dhakhso badan tahay in sidan loo kaydiyo faylasha, laakiin ugu dambeyntii waxay hoos u dhigtaa nidaamka.

Sidee lagu ogaan karaa waditaanka jajaban?^{(How to detect a fragmented drive?)}

Kala qaybsanaan badan ayaa saamaysa waxqabadka nidaamkaaga. Sidaa darteed, way fududahay in la ogaado haddii darawalkaagu uu jajaban yahay haddii aad aragto hoos u dhac ku yimaada waxqabadka. Wakhtiga lagu qaatay furitaanka iyo kaydinta faylashaada ayaa kor u kacay si cad. Mararka qaarkood, codsiyada kale ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhacaya. Waqti ka dib, nidaamkaagu wuxuu qaadan doonaa waligiis inuu bootiyo.

Marka laga reebo arrimaha muuqda ee ay sababto tafaraaruqa, waxaa jira dhibaatooyin kale oo halis ah. Hal tusaale ayaa ah waxqabadka hoos u dhacay ee codsigaaga Kahortagga^{(Antivirus application)} . Codsiga ka hortagga fayraska^(Antivirus) ayaa loo dhisay si uu u baadho dhammaan faylasha ku jira darawalkaaga adag. Haddii inta badan faylashaada loo kaydiyo sidii jajab, codsigu wuxuu qaadan doonaa wakhti dheer si loo baadho faylashaada.

Kaydinta xogta sidoo kale way dhibaysaa. Waxay qaadataa waqti ka badan intii la filayay. Marka dhibaatadu gaadho heerka ugu saraysa, waxa laga yaabaa in nidaamkaagu baraf galo ama uu shil galo digniin la'aan. Mararka qaarkood, ma awoodo in la bootiyo.

Si loo xalliyo arrimahan, waxaa muhiim ah in la ilaaliyo tafaraaruqa. Haddii kale, waxtarka nidaamkaaga ayaa si dhab ah u saameeya.

Sida loo xaliyo arrinta?^{(How to fix the issue?)}

In kasta oo kala qaybsanaantu ay tahay mid aan laga fursan karin, haddana waxay u baahan tahay in wax laga qabto, si nidaamkaagu u shaqeeyo oo socdo. Si loo xaliyo dhibaatadan, hab kale oo loo yaqaan defragmentation waa in la sameeyaa. Waa maxay defragmentation? Sidee loo sameeyaa defrag?

Waa maxay Defragmentation?

Asal ahaan, Hard Drive-ku waxa uu la mid yahay kaydka kombayuutarka iyo dhammaan faylalka loo baahan yahay ee ku jira waa kuwo kala firidhsan oo aan habaysanayn gudaha golahan buuxinta. Haddaba, mar kasta oo uu mashruuc cusub yimaaddo waxa aannu wakhti dheer ku qaadan doonnaa raadinta faylasha loo baahan yahay, halka haddii la heli lahaa qabanqaabiyaha habaynta faylalkaas hab alifbeeto ah, ay aad noogu fududaan lahayd inaan si degdeg ah oo fudud u helno faylasha loo baahan yahay.

Defragmentation waxay ururisaa dhammaan qaybaha kala qaybsan ee faylka waxayna ku kaydisaa meelaha kaydinta xidhiidhsan. Si fudud^(Simply) loo dhigo, waa rogaal-celinta. Gacanta laguma samayn karo. Waxaad u baahan tahay inaad isticmaasho qalab loogu talagalay ujeedada. Tani runtii waa geedi socod waqti badan qaadata. Laakiin waa lagama maarmaan in la hagaajiyo waxqabadka nidaamkaaga.

Tani waa sida habka jajabinta diskku u dhaco, algorithm-ka kaydinta ee lagu dhex dhisay nidaamka hawlgalka waa inuu si toos ah u sameeyo. Inta lagu jiro kala-jaridda, nidaamku wuxuu xoojiyaa dhammaan xogta kala firdhisan ee qaybo cidhiidhi ah isaga oo u wareejinaya xogta blocks si loo isu keeno dhammaan qaybaha kala firdhiyey sida hal xog oo isku xidhan.

Boostada, jajabinta xaddi badan oo xawli kor u kaca ah ayaa la dareemi karaa sida waxqabadka kombuyuutarka oo degdega^{(faster PC performance)} , wakhtiga bootinta oo gaaban, iyo qaboojinta soo noqnoqda oo aad u yar. Ogow in kala-jajabintu ay tahay geeddi-socod wakhti badan qaadata mar haddii disk-ga oo dhan ay tahay in la akhriyo oo loo habeeyo waax ahaan.

Inta badan Nidaamyada ^(Systems)Hawlgelinta^(Operating) casriga ah waxay la yimaadaan hannaan jajabin ah oo si toos ah loogu dhex dhisay nidaamka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, nuqulkii hore ee Windows , tani ma ahayn kiis ama xitaa haddii ay samaysay, algorithmisku ma ahayn mid wax ku ool ah oo ku filan inuu si buuxda u yareeyo arrimaha hoose.

Sidaa darteed^(Hence) , software-ka defragmentation ayaa soo baxay. Inta lagu jiro koobiyaynta ama wareejinta faylalka waxa laga yaabaa in aan aragno hawlgalka akhrinta iyo qorista oo dhacaya sababtoo ah bar horumarka oo si cad u muujinaya habka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan hababka wax-akhriska/qorista ee nidaamka Operating Systemku ku shaqeeyo ma muuqdaan. Markaa, isticmaalayaashu ma ilaalin karaan arrintan oo si nidaamsan ayay u jajabiyaan darawaladooda adag.

Sidoo kale Akhri: ^{(Also Read:)} Waa maxay Farqiga u dhexeeya Dib-u-bilawga iyo Dib-u-bilawga?^{(What is the Difference between Reboot and Restart?)}

Natiijo ahaan, nidaamka Operating Windows^{(Windows Operating)} wuxuu la yimid horay loogu raray qalab defragmentation ah, hase yeeshee la'aanta tignoolajiyada wax ku oolka ah awgeed, soosaarayaasha software-yada kale ee saddexaad ayaa bilaabay dhadhankooda si ay wax uga qabtaan arrinta kala qaybinta.

Waxa kale oo jira qaar ka mid ah qalabyada dhinac saddexaad, kuwaas oo shaqada u qabta xitaa si ka wanaagsan qalabka lagu dhex dhisay Windows. Qaar ka mid ah qalabka ugu fiican ee bilaashka ah ee wax-ka-jaridda ayaa hoos ku taxan:

• Defraggler
• Smart Defrag
• Auslogics Disk Defrag
• Puran Defrag
• Disk SpeedUp

Mid ka mid ah qalabka ugu fiican ee tan waa ' Defraggler '. Waxaad dejin kartaa jadwal, qalabkuna wuxuu si toos ah u fulin doonaa defragmentation sida ku cad jadwalka loo dejiyay. Waxaad dooran kartaa faylal gaar ah iyo faylal si loogu daro. Ama waxaad sidoo kale ka saari kartaa xogta qaarkood. Waxay leedahay nooc la qaadi karo. Waxay fulisaa hawlo faa'iido leh sida inay u rarto jajabyada aan la isticmaalin ilaa dhamaadka saxanka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka diskka iyo faaruqinta qashinka dib u warshadaynta ka hor inta aan la jarin.

Inta badan qalabyadu waxay leeyihiin wax ka badan ama ka yar interface la mid ah. Habka loo isticmaalo qalabku waa mid iskiis u sharaxan. Isticmaaluhu wuxuu dooranayaa wadista uu rabo inuu furfuro oo guji badhanka si uu u bilaabo hawsha. Filo in nidaamku qaato ugu yaraan saacad ama wax ka badan. Waxaa lagu talinayaa in la sameeyo sannadkii ama ugu yaraan hal mar 2-3 sano, iyadoo ku xiran isticmaalka. Maadaama ay si kastaba fudud tahay oo ay xor u tahay isticmaalka qalabkan, maxaad uga faa'iidaysan weyday, si loo ilaaliyo habsami u socodka nidaamkaaga?

Wadista Dawlad Adag iyo Tafaraaruqa

Solid-state drives ( SSD ) waa tignoolajiyada ugu dambeeyay ee kaydinta ee ku caan baxay inta badan aaladaha soo wajaha macaamiisha sida casriga, tablets, laptops, computers, iwm. tignoolajiyada xusuusta ee loo isticmaalo flash-ka ama suulka

Haddii aad isticmaalayso nidaam leh darawal adag oo dawladeed, ma samaynaysaa defragmentation? SSD- ku wuu^(SSD) ka duwan yahay darawalka adag marka loo eego in dhammaan qaybihiisa ay taagan yihiin. Haddii aanay jirin qaybo dhaqaaqa, wakhti badan kuma lumin ururinta jajabyada kala duwan ee faylka. Markaa, gelitaanka faylka kiiskan aad ayuu u dhaqso badan yahay.

Si kastaba ha noqotee, maadaama nidaamka faylalku wali yahay sidii hore, kala qaybsanaantu waxay ku dhacdaa nidaamyada leh SSD sidoo kale. Laakiin nasiib wanaag, waxqabadka si dhib leh loo saameeyay, markaa looma baahna in la sameeyo defrag.

Ku samaynta jajabinta SSD xitaa waxay noqon kartaa waxyeelo. Dariiq adag oo gobolka adagi wuxuu ogol yahay tiro go'an oo qoraal ah. Ku celcelinta samaynta defrag waxay ku lug yeelan doontaa in laga raro faylalka meesha ay hadda ku jiraan oo loo qoro meel cusub. Tani waxay keeni kartaa in SSD -du ay gabaabsato horaantii cimrigeeda.

Markaa, samaynta defrag-ga SSD-yadaada waxay^(SSDs) yeelan doontaa saamayn dhaawac leh. Dhab ahaantii, nidaamyo badan ayaa curyaamiya ikhtiyaarka defrag haddii ay haystaan ​​SSD . Nidaamyada kale ayaa soo saari doona digniin si aad u ogaato cawaaqibka.

Waxaa lagu talinayaa: ^{(Recommended:)} Hubi haddii darawalkaagu uu yahay SSD ama HDD gudaha Windows 10^{(Check If Your Drive is SSD or HDD in Windows 10)}

Gabagabo

Hagaag, waxaanu hubnaa inaad hadda si ka sii wanaagsan u fahantay fikradda kala qaybinta iyo kala-jaridda.

Dhowr tilmaame oo ay tahay in maskaxda lagu hayo:^{(A couple of pointers to keep in mind:)}

1. Mar haddii defragmentation of disks-ku yahay nidaam qaali ah marka la eego isticmaalka hard drive-ka, waxa fiican in la xaddido oo kaliya in ay fuliyaan sida iyo marka loo baahdo.

2. Ma aha oo kaliya in la xaddido defragmentation of drives, laakiin marka la shaqaynta adag-state drives, muhiim ma aha in la sameeyo defragmentation laba sababood dartood.

• Marka hore, SSD^(SSDs) -yada waxaa loo dhisay inay lahaadaan xawaare wax-akhris oo degdeg ah si caadi ah sidaa darteed kala qaybsanaan yar runtii farqi weyn uma samaynayso xawaaraha
• Marka labaad, SSDs sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin wareegyo wax-akhris oo xaddidan sidaa darteed waxaa ugu wanaagsan in laga fogaado jajabintan SSD^(SSDs) -yada si looga fogaado isticmaalka wareegyadaas.

3. Defragmentation waa hab fudud oo lagu abaabulo dhammaan qaybihii faylalka ku agoontoobay ku-darka iyo tirtiridda faylalka Hard Disk-ga.

What is Fragmentation and Defragmentation

Are you looking to understand what is Fragmentation and Defragmentation? Then you have come to the right place, as today we will understand what these terms exaсtly mean. And when fragmentation and defragmentation is required.

In the early days of computers, we had, now ancient storage media such as magnetic tapes, punch cards, punch tapes, magnetic floppy disks, and a couple of others. These were extremely low on storage and speed. In addition to that, they were unreliable as they would easily get corrupted. These issues plagued the computer industry to innovate newer storage technologies.  As a result, came the legendary spinning disk drives that used magnets to store and retrieve data. A common thread among all of these types of storages was that in order to read a piece of specific information, the entire media had to to be read sequentially

They were significantly faster than the aforementioned ancient storage media but they came with their own kinks. One of the issues with magnetic hard disk drives was called fragmentation.

What are Fragmentation and Defragmentation?

You might have heard the terms fragmentation and defragmentation. Have you ever wondered what they mean? Or how the system performs these operations? Let us learn everything about these terms.

What is Fragmentation?

It is important that we learn how a hard disk drive works before we explore the world of fragmentation. A hard disk drive is made up of several parts, but there are just two major parts we need to know the first one being the “platter”, this is exactly like what you might imagine a metal plate but small enough to fit the disk.

There are a couple of these metal discs that have a microscopic layer of magnetic material on them and these metal discs store all of our data. This platter spins at a very high speed but usually at a consistent speed of 5400 RPM (Revolutions Per Minute) or 7200 RPM.

The faster the RPM of the spinning disk the faster the data read/write times. The second one is a component called the Disk read/write head or just “spinner head” that are placed on these disks, this head picks up and makes changes to the magnetic signals that come from the platter. The data is stored in small batches called sectors.

So every time a new task or a file is processed new sectors of memory are created. However, to be more efficient with the disk space, the system tries to fill up the previously unused sector or sectors. This is where the major issue of fragmentation stems from. Since the data is stored in fragments all over the hard disk drive, every time we need to access a particular data the system has to go through all of those fragments, and this makes the entire process as well as the system as a whole extremely slow.

Outside the computing world, what is fragmentation? Fragments are small portions of something that when put together, form the whole entity. It is the same concept that is used here. A system stores several files. Each of these files is opened, appended, saved and stored again. When the size of the file is more than what it was before the system fetched the file for editing, there is a need for fragmentation. The file is broken down into parts and the parts are stored in different locations of the storage area. These parts are also referred to as ‘fragments.’ Tools such as the File Allocation Table (FAT) are used to track the location of different fragments in storage.

This is not visible to you, the user. Irrespective of how a file is stored, you will see the whole file in the place where you saved it on your system. But in the hard drive, things are quite different. The various fragments of the file are scattered across the storage device. When the user clicks on the file to open it again, the hard disk quickly assembles all the fragments, so it is presented to you as a whole.

Also Read: What are Administrative Tools in Windows 10?

An appropriate analogy to understand fragmentation would be a card game. Let us suppose that you need a whole deck of cards to play. If the cards are scattered across the place, you will have to collect them from different parts to get the whole deck. The scattered cards can be thought of as the fragments of a file. Collecting the cards is analogous to the hard disk assembling the fragments when the file is fetched.

The reason behind fragmentation 

Now that we have some clarity on fragmentation, let us understand why fragmentation occurs. The structure of the file system is the primary reason behind fragmentation. Let us say, a file is deleted by a user. Now, the place it occupied is free. However, this space may not be large enough to accommodate a new file as a whole. If this is the case, the new file is fragmented, and the parts are stored in various locations where space is available. Sometimes, the file system reserves more space for a file than needed, leaving spaces in the storage.

There are operating systems that store files without implementing fragmentation. However, with Windows, fragmentation is how files are stored.

What are the potential problems resulting from fragmentation?

When files are stored in an organized manner, it would take less time for the hard drive to retrieve a file. If files are stored in fragments, the hard disk has to cover more area while retrieving a file. Eventually, as more and more files are stored as fragments, your system will slow down because of the time taken to pick & assemble the various fragments during retrieval.

An appropriate analogy to understand this – consider a library known for lousy service. The librarian does not replace the returned books on their respective shelves. They instead place the books on a shelf closest to their desk. Although it seems like a lot of time is saved while storing the books this way, the real problem arises when a customer wants to borrow one of these books. It will take a long time for the librarian to search among books stored in random order.

This is why fragmentation is called ‘a necessary evil.’ It is quicker to store files this way, but it eventually slows down the system.

How to detect a fragmented drive?

Too much fragmentation affects your system’s performance. So, it is easy to tell if your drive is fragmented if you observe a drop in performance. The time taken to open and save your files has risen evidently. Sometimes, other applications slow down as well. With time, your system will take forever to boot.

Apart from the obvious issues that fragmentation causes, there are other serious problems. One example is the degraded performance of your Antivirus application. An Antivirus application is built to scan all the files on your hard drive. If most of your files are stored as fragments, the application will take a long time to scan your files.

The backing up of data also suffers. It takes longer than expected time. When the problem reaches its peak, your system may freeze or crash without warnings. Sometimes, it is unable to boot.

To handle these issues, it is important to keep fragmentation in check. Otherwise, the efficiency of your system is seriously affected.

How to fix the issue?

Although fragmentation is unavoidable, it needs to be dealt with, to keep your system up and running. To fix this problem, another process called defragmentation has to be performed. What is defragmentation? How to perform defrag?

What is Defragmentation?

Essentially, the hard drive is like a filing cabinet of our computer and all of the required files in it are scattered and unorganized in this filing cabinet. So, every time a new project comes we will be spending a long time looking for the required files whereas if we had got an organizer to organize those files alphabetically, it would have been much easier for us to find the required files quickly and easily.

Defragmentation collects all the fragmented parts of a file and stores these in contiguous storage locations. Simply put, it is the reverse of fragmentation. It cannot be done manually. You need to use tools designed for the purpose. This is indeed a time-consuming process. But it is necessary to improve your system’s performance.

This is how the process of disk defragmentation takes place, the storage algorithm built within the operating system is supposed to do automatically. During defragmentation, the system consolidates all the scattered data into tight sectors by moving the data blocks around to bring all of the scattered parts together as one cohesive stream of data.

Post, the defragmentation a considerable amount of speed increase can be experienced such as faster PC performance, shorter boot time, and far less frequent freeze-ups. Do note that defragmentation is a very time-consuming process since the entire disk has to be read and organized sector by sector.

Most of the modern Operating Systems come with a defragmentation process built right into the system. However, in the previous Windows version, this was not the case or even if it did, the algorithm was not efficient enough to completely mitigate the underlying issues.

Hence, the defragmentation software came into existence. During copying or moving files we may see the read and write operation taking place due to the progress bar displaying the process clearly. However, most of the read/write processes that the Operating system runs are not visible. So, users cannot keep a track of this and systematically defragment their hard drives.

Also Read: What is the Difference between Reboot and Restart?

As a result, the Windows Operating system came pre-loaded with a default defragmentation tool however due to the lack of efficient technologies, various other third party software developers launched their own flavor of it to tackle the issue of fragmentation.

There are some third-party tools as well, which perform the job even better than the Windows’ built-in tool. Some of the best free tools for defragging are listed below:

• Defraggler
• Smart Defrag
• Auslogics Disk Defrag
• Puran Defrag
• Disk SpeedUp

One of the best tools for this is ‘Defraggler’. You can set a schedule and the tool will automatically perform defragmentation according to the set schedule. You may choose specific files and folders to be included. Or you may exclude certain data too. It has a portable version. It performs useful operations such as moving the lesser-used fragments to the end of the disk for enhanced disk access and emptying the recycle bin before defragging.

Most of the tools have more or less a similar interface. The method to use the tool is quite self-explanatory. The user chooses which drive they want to defrag and click on the button to begin the process. Expect the process to take at least an hour or so. It is advised to do this yearly or at least once in 2-3 years, depending on usage. Since it is anyway simple and free to use these tools, why not make use of it, to keep your system’s efficiency stable?

Solid State Drive and Fragmentation

Solid-state drives(SSD) are the latest storage technology that has become common in most consumer-facing devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, computers, etc. Solid-state drives are made using flash-based memory, which is the exact memory technology used in our flash or thumb drives.

If you are using a system with a solid-state hard drive, should you perform defragmentation? An SSD is different from a hard drive in the sense that all of its parts are static. If there are no moving parts, not much time is lost in gathering the different fragments of a file. So, accessing a file is faster in this case.

However, since the file system is still the same, fragmentation occurs in systems with SSD too. But fortunately, the performance is hardly affected, so there is no need to perform defrag.

Performing defragmentation on an SSD can even be harmful. A solid-state hard drive allows a fixed finite number of writes. Repeatedly performing defrag would involve moving the files from their current location and writing them to a new location. This would cause the SSD to wear out early in its lifespan.

Thus, performing defrag on your SSDs will have damaging effects. In fact, many systems disable the defrag option if they have an SSD. Other systems would issue a warning so that you are aware of the consequences.

Recommended: Check If Your Drive is SSD or HDD in Windows 10

Conclusion

Well, we’re sure you’ve now understood the concept of fragmentation and defragmentation much better.

A couple of pointers to keep in mind:

1. Since defragmentation of disk drives is an expensive process in terms of the hard drive usage, it’s best to limit it to only performing as and when necessary

2. Not just limiting the defragmentation of drives, but when working with solid-state drives, it’s not necessary to perform defragmentation for two reasons,

• First, SSDs are built to have a very fast read-write speed by default so minor fragmentation doesn’t really make much difference to the speeds
• Second, SSDs also have limited read-write cycles so it’s best to avoid this defragmentation on SSDs to avoid the use of those cycles

3. Defragmentation is a simple process of organizing all the bits of files that have been orphaned due to adding and deleting files on hard disk drives.

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