Haddii aad tahay injineer shabakad ama isticmaale caadi ah, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato inaad hesho, furto ama xannibto deked macmal ah, sida TCP ama dekedda UDP ee codsiga. Dekadaha Virtual waxay kaa caawinayaan inaad maareyso qalabka shabakadaada iyo software-ka marka la eego taraafikada macluumaadka. Luqadda dadka caadiga ah, dekedaha casriga ah waxay u adeegaan sidii habab gaar ah oo loogu talagalay taraafikada gaarka ah sida taraafikada mareegaha, helitaanka iimaylada, wareejinta faylalka iyo wixii la mid ah.

Asal ahaan waxaa jira laba nooc oo ah dekedaha casriga ah, kuwaas oo kala ah TCP iyo UDP . TCP waxay u taagan tahay Hab-maamuuska Xakamaynta Gudbinta^{(Transmission Control Protocol)} ; halka UDP ay u taagan tahay Hab-maamuuska Xogta Isticmaalaha^{(User Datagram Protocol)} . Dekadaha TCP^(TCP) iyo UDP waxay adeegsadaan borotokool shabakadeed kala duwan marka la qabanayo macluumaadka taraafikada. Hab-maamuusyada shabakadu waa wax kale oo aan ahayn xeerar iyo xeerar sida macluumaadka qaarkood loo diro loona helo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saldhigga TCP ama dekedda UDP waa ^(UDP)IP , ie Internet Protocol .

Aynu eegno sida labadan dekedood ay dib ugu dhigayaan astaamahooda iyo hawlahooda.

Sidee u shaqeysaa dekedda TPC?

Dekadda TCP waxay u baahan tahay isticmaaleyaasha inay sameeyaan xiriir ka dhexeeya mishiinka soo diraya iyo mishiinka qaataha. Waxay la mid tahay wicitaanka taleefanka. Marka xiriirka u dhexeeya soo diraha iyo aqbalaha la sameeyo, macluumaadka waxaa loo gudbin karaa gadaal iyo gadaal, ilaa xiriirku ka go'o dibadda.

In kasta oo TCP uu yahay borotokoolka lakabka gaadiidka ee ugu adag, sidoo kale waa borotokoolka ugu kalsoonida badan marka ay timaado helitaanka macluumaadka aan khaladka lahayn. Hab-maamuusku waxa uu hubinayaa in mishiinka meesha la raacayaa uu qiro helitaanka xogta. Kaliya markaa waxay gudbisaa macluumaadka. Sidaa darteed^(Hence) , TCP ayaa si caadi ah loo isticmaalo marka loo eego UDP .

Sidee u shaqeysaa dekedda UDP?

Dekadda UDP , dhanka kale, uma baahna isticmaaleyaasha si ay u abuuraan xiriir ka dhexeeya soo diraha iyo qaataha si ay u soo diraan macluumaadka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si ka duwan dekedda TCP , macluumaadka lagu soo diro dekedda UDP ma gaari karto qaataha. Waxay la mid tahay dirida warqad. Looma baahna in isticmaaluhu uu helay warqadda. Sidaa darteed^(Hence) , macluumaadka u baahan in la baahiyo waxaa lagu soo diraa dekedda UDP . Isticmaalaha dhegaysanaya ama dhegaysanaya dekedda UDP ee la cayimay waxa uu heli karaa macluumaadka.

UDP waxay leedahay daahitaan hoose waxayna bixisaa xog joogto ah. Markaa, UDP waa doorashada ugu fiican ee baahinta baahinta, ciyaaraha fiidiyowga ee khadka tooska ah, iyo qulqulka cod-ka-badan-IP ( VoIP ). Natiijo ahaan, dekedda UDP waxaa la isticmaalaa kaliya marka ay jirto baahi gaar ah oo ku saabsan macluumaadka la dirayo.

Aqoonsiga dekedaha saxda ah

Waxaa jira dekedo macmal ah oo badan oo diyaar u ah PC kasta; kuwaas oo u dhexeeya 0 ilaa 65535. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mid kasta oo ka mid ah dekedahani waxay leedahay halbeeg gaar ah waxayna u heellan tahay codsi gaar ah. Kuwaas oo ka mid ah, qaar ka mid ah dekedaha soo socda ayaa isticmaala TCP iyo UDP .

• 20 ( TCP ): FTP ( Habka Wareejinta Faylka^{(File Transfer Protocol)} )
• 22 (TCP): Secure Shell (SSH)
• 25 ( TCP ): Habka Wareejinta Boostada^{(Mail Transfer Protocol)} ee Fudud ( SMTP )
• 53 ( TCP iyo UDP ): Nidaamka^(System) Magaca Domain ( DNS )
• 80 ( TCP ): Hab maamuuska Wareejinta^{(Transfer Protocol)} Hypertext ( HTTP )
• 110 ( TCP ): Nidaamka Boostada^{(Post Office Protocol)} ( POP3 )
• 143 ( TCP ): Habka Galitaanka Fariinta^{(Message Access Protocol)} Internetka ( IMAP )
• 443 (TCP): HTTP Secure (HTTPS).

Waa suurtogal in la hubiyo mid ka mid ah dekedaha ku yaal PC-gaaga Windows inay furan yihiin ama dhow yihiin. Haddii aad rabto inaad xannibto ama furto deked gaar ah oo TCP ama UDP ah, markaa halkan waa habka.

Helitaanka dekedda TCP ama UDP furan

Fur Menu-ga Bilowga^{(Start Menu)} . (Wixii loogu talagalay Windows 10 , taabo badhanka Windows ) oo ku qor ^(Windows)CMD . Hadda ku dhufo Run as Administrator option.

Marka uu furmo daaqada Command Prompt , ku qor ^{(Command Prompt)}Netstat -ab oo tabo Gelida. ^{( Enter. )}Liiska dekedaha TCP iyo UDP ayaa bilaabmaya inay la soo baxaan ciwaanka IP-ga iyo tafaasiisha kale.

Inta aad sugto, waxaa sii weynaan doona liiska dekedaha furan. Sug^(Wait) ilaa liiska oo dhami uu ka soo muuqdo daaqada Marka liisku si buuxda u soo baxo, taabo ^(Press) CTRL+C iyo CTRL+V si aad u koobiyayso oo aad ugu dhejiso macluumaadka Notepad ama tafatire kasta oo kale.

Sida aad ku arki karto sawirka kore, macluumaadka ku jira baakadaha waxaa loola jeedaa magaca barnaamijka ee isticmaalaya TCP ama UDP port. Ku xiga magaca borotokoolka, waxaad arki kartaa cinwaanka IP-ga iyo lambarka dekedda ka dib xiidanka. Tusaale ahaan, 192.168.0.107: 50741 , lambarada 192.168.0.107 waa cinwaanka IP-ga^{( IP address)} , lambarka 50741 waa lambarka dekedda .

Akhriso^(Read) :  Sidee lagu hubin karaa waxa ay Dekeduhu furan yihiin^{(How to check what Ports are open)} ?

Helitaanka dekedda TCP ama UDP ee xanniban

Si aad u ogaato mid ka mid ah dekedaha uu xannibay Windows Firewall , raac tillaabooyinka soo socda.

Tallaabada ugu horreysa waxay la mid tahay helitaanka TCP ama dekedda UDP oo furan. ^(UDP)Fur Menu Start^{(Start Menu)} adiga oo riixaya badhanka Windows oo ku qor CMD . Hadda ku dhufo Run as Administrator option.

Marka uu furmo daaqada Command Prompt , ku qor amarka soo socda: ^{(Command Prompt)}netsh firewall show state

Dekadaha qaar waxaa laga yaabaa inay xannibaan router-ka ama ISP-ga^(ISP) kuwaasna waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan ku jirin liiska sare. Si aad u hesho dekadahaas, ku qor amarka soo socda: netstat -ano | findstr -i SYN_SENT

Haddii amarkani aanu soo celin wax liis ah, waxay la macno tahay in dekedaha midkoodna aanu xannibin router ama ISP .

Sida loo furo ama loo xannibo dekedda TCP ama UDP

Hadda maadaama aad aqoonsatay dekedaha TCP iyo UDP ee ^(UDP)kumbuyuutarkaaga Windows^(Windows) , halkan ayaa timid qaybta ugu muhiimsan.

Marka hore^(First) , waxaa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato inaad furto deked codsigu si habsami leh ugu socdo. Dhanka kale, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato inaad xannibto dekedaha qaarkood maadaama aan hadda la isticmaalin oo laga yaabo inay noqdaan albaab laga galo hanjabaadaha. Sidaa darteed^(Hence) , dekedaha noocan oo kale ah waxaa xannibay firewall-ka.

Raac tillaabooyinka xiga si aad u furto ama u xannibto dekedda TCP ama UDP .

Fur menu-ka bilawga^{(Start Menu)} adiga oo riixaya furaha Windows-ka^{(Windows-key)} . Ku qor Windows Defender Firewall , oo ka dooro Defender Firewall ee leh Badbaadada Sare ee^{(Windows Defender Firewall with Advanced Security)} natiijooyinka.

Daaqada soo socota ayaa furmaysa.

Guji sharuucda^{(Inbound Rules)} soo galitaanka ee ku taal liiska dhinaca bidix.

Guji Rule Cusub…^{(New Rule…)} tab ee shayga Actions^(Actions) ee ku yaal liiska dhinaca midig. Marka uu daaqadani furmo, dooro badhanka idaacada Port oo taabo Next .

Marka la riixo tabka xigta^{(Next )} , daaqada soo socota ee Wizard Rule Rule Cusub^{(New Inbound Rule Wizard)} ayaa furmaya. Daaqaddan, waxaad dooran kartaa nooca dekedda aad rabto inaad furto ama xannibto. Waxa kale oo aad dooran kartaa haddii aad rabto inaad furto ama xannibto dhammaan dekedaha nooca la doortay ama deked maxalli ah oo gaar ah. Sheeg nambarka ama tirada kala duwan ee dekedaha maxalliga ah ee aad rabto inaad furto ama xannibto. Oo guji Next .

Daaqada soo socota ayaa fureysa markaad taabo Next. Halkan waxa aad ku furi kartaa dekedaha adiga oo dooranaya Allow xidhiidhka^{(Allow the connection)} ama Oggolow xidhiidhka hadii uu yahay^{(Allow the connection if it is secure)} badhanka raadiyaha ee sugan. Dooro badhanka raadiyaha saddexaad Xidhiidhka xannib^{(Block the connection)} si aad u xannibto dekedaha la cayimay.

Hadda dooro in sharcigu khuseeya Domain , Private ama Public ama kuwan oo dhan. Guji Xiga^(Next) .

Daaqada soo socota ayaa fureysa marka aad gujiso Next . Daaqaddan, ku sheeg Magaca^(Name) Xeerkan cusub ee soo galitaanka^{(Inbound Rule)} . Waxa kale oo aad qeexi kartaa dekedaha la xannibay ama la furay qaybta Sharaxaada^{(Description)} .

Guji dhame^(Finish) si aad u abuurto qaanuunkan soo galitaanka cusub.

Fadlan^(Please) la soco in mararka qaarkood ka dib markii la xannibo deked gaar ah, apps laga yaabo in aanay si sax ah u shaqayn. Waxa kale oo laga yaabaa inaad la kulanto arrimo markaad ku xidhayso agabyada qaarkood. Tani waxay la macno tahay dekedda aad xannibtay waxaa laga yaabaa in loo baahdo inay furto. Waxaad dib u dhigi kartaa xannibaadda dekedaha wakhti kasta iyadoo la raacayo isla nidaamka.

Akhri soo socda^{(Read next)} : Sida loola socdo TCP, Isgaadhsiinta UDP ee Windows oo leh PortExpert.

What is TCP and UDP Port? How to block or open them in Windows?

If you arе a network engineer or a normal user, you may need to find, open or block a virtual port, such aѕ a TCP or a UDP port for an application. Virtual ports help you manage your network hardware and software with respect to the information traffic. In a layman’s language, virtual ports serve as the dedicated lanes for particular traffic such as website traffic, receiving emails, transfer of files and so on.

There are basically two types of virtual ports, namely TCP and UDP. TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol; while UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol. TCP and UDP ports use different network protocols when handling information traffic. Network protocols are nothing but the set of rules and regulations of how certain information should be sent and received. However, the basis of a TCP or UDP port is IP, i.e. Internet Protocol.

Let’s see how these two ports defer in their features and functions.

How does a TPC port work?

A TCP port requires users to establish a connection between the sender’s machine and the receiver’s machine. It is quite similar to making a phone call. Once the connection is established between the sender and the receiver, the information can be transmitted back and forth, until the connection is broken externally.

Though TCP is the most complex transport layer protocol, it is also the most reliable protocol when it comes to receiving error-free information. The protocol makes sure that the destination machine acknowledges the receipt of the datagram. Only then it transmits the information. Hence, TCP is more commonly used than UDP.

How does a UDP port work?

A UDP port, on the other hand, doesn’t need users to establish a connection between the sender and the receiver to send the information. However, unlike a TCP port, the information sent over the UDP port may not reach the receiver. It is similar to sending a letter. It is not necessary that the user has received the letter. Hence, the information that needs to be broadcasted is sent over a UDP port. The user tuned over or listening to the specified UDP port can receive information.

UDP has low latency and offers a constant stream of information. Thus, a UDP is the perfect choice for streaming broadcasts, online video games, and a voice-over-IP (VoIP) streaming. As a result, a UDP port is used only when there is a specific need regarding information being sent.

Identifying the right ports

There are many virtual ports available for any PC; which range from 0 to 65535. However, each of these ports has a certain standard and is dedicated to a certain application. Out of these, some of the following ports use TCP and UDP.

• 20 (TCP): FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
• 22 (TCP): Secure Shell (SSH)
• 25 (TCP): Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
• 53 (TCP and UDP): Domain Name System (DNS)
• 80 (TCP): Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
• 110 (TCP): Post Office Protocol (POP3)
• 143 (TCP): Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
• 443 (TCP): HTTP Secure (HTTPS).

It is possible to check which of the ports on your Windows PC are open or close. If you wish to block or open a certain TCP or UDP port, then here is the process.

Finding an open TCP or UDP port

Open the Start Menu. (For Windows 10, press the Windows button) and type CMD. Now click on Run as Administrator option.

When the Command Prompt window opens, type Netstat -ab and press Enter. A list of TCP and UDP ports starts appearing along with the IP address and other details.

The longer you wait, the bigger the list of open ports becomes. Wait until the complete list has appeared in the window. Once the list fully appeared, Press CTRL+C and CTRL+V to copy and paste the information into Notepad or any other text editor.

As you can see in the above image, the information in the brackets refers to the name of the program that is using an open TCP or UDP port. Next to the protocol name, you can see the IP address and the port number after the colon. For example, in 192.168.0.107: 50741, the numbers 192.168.0.107 are the IP address, while the number 50741 is the port number.

Read: How to check what Ports are open?

Finding a blocked TCP or UDP port

To know which of the ports are blocked by Windows Firewall, follow the next steps.

The first step is the same as finding an open TCP or UDP port. Open Start Menu by pressing the Windows button and type CMD. Now click on Run as Administrator option.

When the Command Prompt window opens, type following command: netsh firewall show state

Some ports may be blocked by the router or ISP and those may not be listed in the above list. To find those ports, type the following command: netstat -ano | findstr -i SYN_SENT

If this command doesn’t return any list, it means none of the ports are blocked by the router or ISP.

How to open or block a TCP or UDP port

Now since you have identified the TCP and UDP ports on your Windows PC, here comes the most important part.

First of all, you may need to open a port for an application to run smoothly. On the other hand, you may need to block certain ports as they are no longer being used and may pose as a gateway for threats. Hence, such ports are blocked by the firewall.

Follow the next steps to open or block a TCP or UDP port.

Open the Start Menu by pressing the Windows-key. Type Windows Defender Firewall, and select Windows Defender Firewall with Advanced Security from the results.

The following window opens.

Click on the Inbound Rules tab on the left side menu.

Click on the New Rule… tab from the Actions pane on the right side menu. When this window opens, select the Port radio button and click Next.

When pressed Next tab, the following window of New Inbound Rule Wizard opens. In this window, you can select the type of port you want to open or block. You can also select whether you want to open or block all the ports of the selected type or a specific local port. Specify the number or a range of the local ports that you wish to open or block. And click Next.

The following window opens when you click Next. Here you can open the ports by selecting Allow the connection or Allow the connection if it is secure radio buttons. Select the third radio button Block the connection to block the specified ports.

Now select whether the rule applies to Domain, Private or Public or all of these. Click Next.

The following window opens when you click Next. In this window, specify a Name for this new Inbound Rule. You can also specify which ports have been blocked or opened in the Description section.

Click Finish to create this new Inbound Rule.

Please note that sometimes after blocking a certain port, apps may not work properly. You may also face issues while connecting to certain resources. This means the port you blocked may be required to be open. You can undo the blocking of ports at any time following the same process.

Read next: How to monitor TCP, UDP Communication in Windows with PortExpert.

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