UEFI waa erey- gaabeedka Midaysan ee Firmware Interface^{(Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)} . Asal ahaan waa beddelka BIOS^{(replacement for BIOS)} kaas oo loo isticmaalo in lagu dejiyo qalabka iyo rarka oo lagu bilaabo nidaamka hawlgalka ee maanta Windows 10/8 PC-yada.

Waa maxay Interface Firmware^{(Firmware Interface)} Midaysan ama UEFI ?

Awowgii UEFI waxaa u soo saartay Intel adeegyadeeda ku saleysan Itanium. Xaddidaadda ugu weyn ee BIOS waxay ahayd inay ahayd 16-bit oo leh 1 MB oo meel bannaan ah oo la adeegsan karo nidaamka qaybinta Master Boot Record ( MBR ). Markaa waxaa jiray caqabado ku saabsan xaddiga RAM ee ay isticmaali karto BIOS , mana ay taageeri karto HDD oo leh awood ka sarreysa 2.2TB. Si looga gudbo xaddidaadyadaas, Intel waxay soo bandhigtay Initiative Boot Initiative^{(Intel Boot Initiative)} oo markii dambe loo beddelay EFI . Ka dib waxaa la wareegay Ururka EFI ee Midaysan^{(Unified EFI Forum)}, kaas oo u xuubsiibtay UEFI^(UEFI) .

Interface-ka asalka ah ee EFI waxaa lagu isticmaalaa Macs -ka wuxuuna kaliya taageeraa soo- saareyaasha Intel^(Intel) . Laakiin UEFI , dhanka kale, waxay taageertaa soo - saareyaasha Intel^(Intel) iyo AMD labadaba .

Akhri^(Read) : UEFI vs BIOS

Faa'iidooyinka UEFI

UEFI waxay taageertaa naqshadaha 32-bit iyo 64-bit labadaba. Sidaas awgeed waxay ka faa'iidaysan kartaa RAM badan si ay u qabato habab ka adag marka loo eego BIOS . UEFI sidoo kale waxay taageertaa naqshadaha madax-bannaan ee CPU iyo darawallada.

Si ka duwan BIOS -ka , UEFI waxay yeelan kartaa isdhexgal muuqaal ahaan u roon oo taageera jiirka. Hoos ka eeg interface -ka Asus UEFI .

Marka laga reebo nidaamka qaybinta heerka MBR , UEFI sidoo kale waxay taageertaa GUID Qaybta Qaybta^{(GUID Partition Table)} ama GPT . GPT waxa ay ogolanaysaa xajmiga ugu badnaan iyo cabbirka qaybinta 9.4 ZB (marka la barbar dhigo 2.2TB ee MBR ) iyo 128 qaybood oo Windows ah (marka la barbar dhigo 4 ee MBR ).

UEFI waxay la socotaa maamulaha boot kaas oo meesha ka saaraya baahida bootloader gaar ah. UEFI sidoo kale waxay taageertaa kordhinta sida ACPI ee aan ahayn 16-bit. Ka sokow, UEFI waxay sidoo kale ku siinaysaa bilawga degdega ah iyo taageerada isku xidhka ka wanaagsan.

Horumarinta warshadaha qalabka, BIOS waxay noqonaysaa mid aad iyo aad ugu filnaan la' inay xakamayso awooda iyo awooda mashiinada maanta iyo UEFI waxay awood u leedahay inay xakamayso haraadkeena sii kordhaya ee awooda xisaabinta ugu yaraan labaatanka sano ee soo socda.

Akhri^(Read) : Dooro UEFI ama Legacy BIOS marka aad soo galayso Windows Setup ama Windows PE .

Guud ahaan, mashiinada karti u leh UEFI waxay leeyihiin waqtiyo bilow iyo xidhid degdeg ah marka loo eego mishiinada ku salaysan BIOS. Waa kuwan liiska astaamaha Windows 10 ee u baahan ^{(Windows 10)}UEFI :

• Boot ammaan ah ayaa ka ilaalisa Windows 10 habka boot-ka-hore ee ka hortagga bootkit iyo weerarrada kale ee malware.
• Early Launch Anti-malware ( ELAM ) darawalka waxa ku shubaya Secure Boot marka hore oo hubiya dhammaan darawallada aan Microsoft ahayn ka hor inta aan la rarin.
• Windows Trusted Boot wuxuu ilaaliyaa kernel-ka iyo wadayaasha nidaamka inta lagu jiro furitaanka.
• Boot la cabbiray waxay cabbiri doontaa qaybaha firmware -ka ilaa darawallada boot-bilowga & ku kaydin doona cabbiradan chip- ka TPM .
• Ilaalada Aaladda waxay isticmaashaa wax-soo- saarka CPU^(CPU) iyo taageerada TPM si ay ugu taageerto Ilaalada Aaladda ^{(Device Guard)}AppLocker , iyo Ilaalada Aaladda^{(Device Guard)} oo leh ilaaliyaha aqoonsiga^{(Credential Guard)} .
• Ilaalinta Aqoonsiga waxay la shaqeysaa Ilaalada Aaladda^{(Device Guard)} waxayna adeegsataa abuurista CPU^(CPU) iyo taageerada TPM si ay u ilaaliso macluumaadka amniga sida NTLM hashes, iwm.
• BitLocker Network Unlock wuxuu si toos ah u furayaa Windows 10 marka dib loo bilaabo marka lagu xiro shabakad shirkadeed.
• Jadwalka Qaybta GUID ama qaybinta diskka GPT ayaa loo baahan yahay si ay awood ugu yeelato saxannada boot ee waaweyn.^(GPT)

Waxaan rajeyneynaa, soosaarayaal badan ayaa u bedeli doona UEFI BIOS.^{(Hopefully, more manufacturers will switch to UEFI from BIOS.)}

Akhrinta la xidhiidha:^{(Related reads:)}

1. Hubi haddii PC-gaagu taageeray UEFI ama BIOS
2. Soo kabso ama deji BIOS ama UEFI Password-ka kombiyuutarada Windows
3. Sida loogu suurtageliyo EFI mashiinka farsamada ee VirtualBox
4. Sida loo galo UEFI Firmware settings
5. Ku maamul EFI/UEFI fursadaha bootinta EasyUEFI .

What is UEFI or Unified Extensible Firmware Interface?

UEFI is the acronym for Unified Extensible Firmware Interface. It is basically a replacement for BIOS which is used to set up the hardware and load and start an operating system in today’s Windows 10/8 PCs.

What is Unified Extensible Firmware Interface or UEFI?

The ancestor of UEFI was developed by Intel for its Itanium-based servers. The main limitation of BIOS was that it was a 16-bit with just 1 MB of addressable space and utilized the Master Boot Record (MBR) partition scheme. Thus there were constraints on the amount of RAM that could be used by BIOS, and it couldn’t support an HDD with a capacity of above 2.2TB. In order to overcome these limitations, Intel introduced the Intel Boot Initiative which was later renamed as EFI. It was then taken over by the Unified EFI Forum, which evolved it into UEFI.

The original EFI interface is used in Macs and only supports Intel processors. But UEFI, on the other hand, supports both Intel and AMD processors.

Read: UEFI vs BIOS

Advantages of UEFI

UEFI supports both 32-bit and 64-bit architecture. Thus it can utilize more RAM to do more complex processes than BIOS. UEFI also supports CPU independent architecture and drivers.

Unlike BIOS, UEFI can have a more visually pleasing interface that supports a mouse. See the Asus UEFI interface below.

Apart from the standard MBR partition scheme, UEFI also supports GUID Partition Table or GPT. GPT allows for a maximum disk and partition size of 9.4 ZB (compared to 2.2TB of MBR) and 128 partitions on Windows (compared to 4 of MBR).

UEFI comes with a boot manager which removes the needs for a separate boot loader. UEFI also supports extensions such as ACPI that are not 16-bit. Besides, UEFI also gives you faster start-ups and better networking support.

With the advancement in the hardware industry, BIOS is becoming more and more insufficient to handle the power and capacities of today’s machines and UEFI has the capability to handle our ever-growing thirst for more computing power at least for the next two decades.

Read: Choose UEFI or Legacy BIOS when booting into Windows Setup or Windows PE.

In general, UEFI-enabled machines have faster startup and shutdown times as compared to BIOS-based machines. Here is a list of Windows 10 features that requires UEFI:

• Secure Boot protects Windows 10 pre-boot process against bootkit and other malware attacks.
• Early Launch Anti-malware (ELAM) driver gets loaded by Secure Boot first and checks all non-Microsoft drivers before they are loaded.
• Windows Trusted Boot protects the kernel and system drivers during launch.
• Measured Boot will measure components from firmware till the boot-start drivers & stores these measurements in the TPM chip.
• Device Guard uses CPU virtualization and TPM support to support Device Guard with AppLocker, and Device Guard with Credential Guard.
• Credential Guard works with Device Guard and uses CPU virtualization and TPM support to protect security information like NTLM hashes, etc.
• BitLocker Network Unlock will automatically unlock Windows 10 at reboot when connected to a corporate network.
• GUID Partition Table or GPT disk partitioning is required to enable large boot disks.

Hopefully, more manufacturers will switch to UEFI from BIOS.

Related reads:

1. Check if your PC supports UEFI or BIOS
2. Recover or set a BIOS or UEFI Password for Windows computers
3. How to enable EFI in VirtualBox virtual machine
4. How to access UEFI Firmware settings
5. Manage EFI/UEFI boot options with EasyUEFI.

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