Weligaa ma rabtay inaad si dhakhso leh ula wadaagto faylalka muusiga, muqaalka, ama xogta saaxiibada, laakiin ma aadan rabin inaad waqti badan ku lumiso marka hore? Waxaa jira adeegyo badan oo khadka ah oo kuu oggolaanaya inaad si fudud faylasha ula wadaagto dadka kale, laakiin waxay weli kaaga baahan tahay inaad dhab ahaantii geliso faylka marka hore.

Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee loo wadaago faylasha waa in si fudud kombayutarkaaga loo rogo server-ka FTP si dadka isticmaala ay meel fog ugu xidhmaan oo ay u soo dejiyaan faylasha. Daaqadaha^(Windows) waxa ay leedahay sifo dhisan oo loogu talagalay in lagu dejiyo server-ka FTP^{(setting up a FTP server)} ee daabacadaha Xirfadlaha^{(Professional)} iyo Dhammaadka^(Ultimate) , laakiin waxa ay u baahan tahay xoogaa aqoon farsamo ah si loo shaqeeyo. Nasiib wanaag, waxaa jira dhowr barnaamij oo il furan oo hab-socodka si weyn u hagaajiya, taasoo kaa tagaysa dhowr waxyaalood oo aad keligaa u habayn karto.

Maqaalkan, waxaan ku dhex mari doonaa dhowr codsi oo faylal furan oo furan oo aad isticmaali karto si aad u dejiso server-kaaga FTP . Waxa kale oo aan ka hadli doonaa tillaabooyinka dheeraadka ah ee aad u baahan tahay inaad qaado, sida habaynta routerkaaga iyo firewall-kaaga, si aad habayntu ugu shaqeyso si sax ah. Maadaama ay jiraan casharro badan oo si wanaagsan loo qoray oo loogu talagalay dejinta mid kasta oo ka mid ah codsiyadan, waxaan si fudud kuugu xidhi doonaa kan ugu fiican kaas oo kugu socon doona tallaabo tallaabo ah rakibidda iyo habaynta app kasta oo aad doorato.

HFS (HTTP File Server)

HFS (HTTP File Server)  waxa ay jirtay muddo dheer waana mid ka mid ah siyaabaha ugu wanaagsan ee aad kula wadaagi karto faylashaada dadka kale adiga oo isticmaalaya server-ka faylka. Way u fiican tahay isticmaalayaasha cusub iyo kuwa horumarsanba si isku mid ah waxaana loo dejin karaa si cadaalad ah si dhakhso leh iyada oo la raacayo dejinta caadiga ah. Tinkerers-ka, waxay haysataa tiro dhan oo ikhtiyaari kale ah oo lagu habeyn karo.

Waa mid si heer sare ah loo habeyn karo waxayna kuu ogolaaneysaa inaad abuurto akoon, arag xiriirka hadda jira ee galalkaaga, xirmooyinka dhow/dhamaadka, kontoroolka isticmaalka xadhkaha goos gooska, iyo wax badan oo kale! Waa sida Server-ka Faylka Windows^{(Windows Server File)} -ka marka laga reebo in uu xor yahay oo uu ka shaqeeyo shabakadda!

Waxa ugu fiican ee ku saabsan HFS waa sida ay u fududahay in la isticmaalo! Si fudud waa hal fayl oo EXE ah oo aad hadda maamusho, uma baahnid inaad wax ku rakibto kumbuyuutarkaaga! Marka xigta jiid oo tuur faylasha aad rabto inaad la wadaagto HFS oo aad kor u qaadayso oo aad socodsiinayso server-kaaga faylka.

Dhammaan xiriirada waxaa lagula socon karaa sumadda saxaaradda oo waxaad si buuxda u maamusho dhammaan xiriirada. Waxaad cayimi kartaa cinwaanka IP-ga iyo lambarka dekedda ee aad rabto in server-ku ku shaqeeyo. Waxay leedahay fursado badan oo aad habayn karto, oo ay ku jiraan koodhka template HTML , si aad u habayn karto muuqaalka iyo dareenka server-kaaga. Si aad u bilowdo, soo deji EXE^(EXE) oo socodsii. Wadahadalka ugu horreeya ee aad arki doonto waa digniinta Amniga Windows^{(Windows Security Alert)} oo kuu sheegaysa in barnaamijka la xannibay.

Halkan waxa aad doonaysaa in aad hubiso ikhtiyaarka shabakadaha gaarka ah oo aad ka saartaa ^{(Private networks)}shabakadaha Dadweynaha^{(Public Networks)} ka hor intaadan gujin badhanka Oggolow gelitaanka^{(Allow access)} . Marka xigta waxaa lagu weydiin doonaa haddii aad rabto inaad ku darto HFS liiska macnaha guud, taas oo asal ahaan ka dhigan tahay inaad si sax ah u gujin karto fayl kasta oo ku jira Explorer isla markiiba ku dar server-ka faylka si loo wadaago.

Markaad gujiso Haa ama Maya, interface-ka ugu weyn ee barnaamijka ayaa ku shubmi doona. Ogsoonow in aysan waxba ku rakibin nidaamkaaga; waxa uu u shaqeeyaa sida abka la qaadi karo Hadda waxa kaliya ee ay tahay inaad sameyso si aad u bilowdo waa jiid oo ku rid qaar ka mid ah faylalka muraayadda bidix.

Waxaad ogaan doontaa in nav bar waa mid aad u fudud: Menu , lambarka dekedda iyo qaabka aad ku jirto. By default, waxa ay dejisay si hab fudud oo kani waa in si fiican u fiican dadka intiisa badan. Nambarka dekeddu waa 80 waxaana loo baahan yahay oo keliya haddii aad rabto in qof ku xidho shabakadda Seerfarkaaga. Haddii qof uu ku xidhiidhinayo FTP si uu fayl u soo dejiyo, waxaad siin doontaa oo keliya cinwaankaaga IP-ga ee dadweynaha lambarka dekedduna wuxuu noqon doonaa 21.

Isticmaalka interneedka shabakada, waxay baadhayaan faylasha oo ay sidoo kale ka soo dejisan karaan halkaas. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa inaad ka gudbisaa dekedaha FTP (21) ama Web (80) ee router kaaga kombayuutarka ku shaqeeya ^(Web)HFS . Waxaad ka akhrisan kartaa sida loo sameeyo waxaas oo dhan marka aad ku jirto qaybta Firewall -ka iyo gudbinta dekeda^{(Port Forwarding)} ee hoose. Horey u soco oo dhagsii badhanka Furaha browserka^{(Open in browser)} oo waa inay ku shubtaa interface-ka shabakadda ee server-kaaga faylka oo wata liis faylal ah oo aad ku dartay mar hore.

Marka aad dejiso firewall-ka iyo router-ka si aad u geliso kombayutarkaaga intarneedka^(Internet) , waxaad samayn kartaa is-tijaab adiga oo isticmaalaya HFS si aad u hubiso in wax walba si sax ah u shaqaynayaan. Kaliya^(Just) dhagsii Menu oo ikhtiyaarka ugu horreeya waa tijaabinta Self^{(Self Test)} .

Hadda u gudub qaybta ugu dambeysa halkaas oo aan ku sharxayo tillaabooyinka kala duwan ee aad u baahan tahay si aad u buuxiso si aad u hesho server-kaaga meel ka baxsan shabakadda deegaanka.

Server-ka FileZilla

Filezilla waa barnaamij macmiil FTP ah oo caan ah, laakiin sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin nooc server ah oo si xor ah loo heli karo. Waxa kale oo aad u fudud in la dejiyo iyada oo xulashooyinka khaladka ah ee aan isbeddelin inta lagu jiro rakibidda.

Marka la rakibayo, waxaa lagu weydiin doonaa inaad doorato sida aad rabto inaad u rakibto FileZilla waxaana fiican inaad ka tagto si ay ugu rakibto adeegga Windows ahaan. Waxa kale oo aad kaga tagi kartaa lambarka dekedda oo leh qiimaha caadiga ah. Guji Next^{(Click Next)} ka dibna waxaa lagu weydiin doonaa sida loo bilaabo server-ka. Ilaa aad rabto in aad gacanta ku bilowdo mooyaane, habdhaqanka caadiga ah waa in si toos ah loo shubo marka isticmaaluhu soo galo. Guji Ku rakib^{(Click Install)} oo waa in lagu dhammeeyaa dhowr ilbiriqsi gudahood.

Daaqad yar ayaa soo bixi doonta oo tusin doonta macluumaadka aasaasiga ah ee server-ka. Calaamadee A had iyo jeer ku xidhnow^{(lways connect to this server)} sanduuqa serverka haddii aadan qorsheynin inaad ku abuurto server kale FTP isla kombuyuutar. Guji OK^{(Click OK)} iyo interface ugu weyn ayaa soo bixi doona.

Waxaa jira dhowr tillaabo oo dheeraad ah si aad u hesho hab-habeynta FileZilla , laakiin saaxiibadayada HowToGeek waxay qoreen maqaal aad u fiican kaas oo ku socda inta ka hartay habka loo sameeyo FileZilla^{(setting up FileZilla)} .

FreeNAS

Shayga ugu dambeeya ee aan rabo in aan sheego waa FreeNAS , kaas oo ah barnaamij il furan oo cajiib ah oo loogu talagalay abuurista qalabkaaga kaydinta ee ku xiran shabakada. In kasta oo FreeNAS ay samayn karto waxyaabo kale oo badan, haddana waa yoolka aasaasiga ah si ay u fududayso wadaagga faylasha.

Farqiga kaliya ee FreeNAS iyo labada barnaamij ee kale ee aan kor ku soo sheegay ayaa ah in kii hore uu dhab ahaantii yahay nidaam hawleed buuxa oo u gaar ah. Haddii aad rabto inaad isticmaasho FreeNAS , waa inaad u hurtaa mashiin dhan isticmaalkiisa! Sidoo kale, waxa ay leedahay shuruudo habaysan oo laga yaabo inay kaa hor istaagaan inaad ku isticmaasho PC-gaaga gaarka ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii aad haysatid mishiin firaaqo ah oo aanad waligaa awoodin inaad u hesho adeegsigeeda, waxaa laga yaabaa in hadda la joogo waqtigii loo bedeli lahaa qulqulka iyo wadaagista super NAS .

Dadka jooga MakeUseOf waxay qoreen hage dhammaystiran oo ku rakibida iyo dejinta FreeNAS^{(setting up FreeNAS)} si loogu wadaago faylasha internetka^(Internet) . Waxay sidoo kale ka hadlaan sida loo habeeyo DNS firfircoon si aad u geli karto server-kaaga meel ka baxsan shabakada degaanka.

Firewall & Gudbinta Dekadda

Sidii hore loo soo sheegay, si aad kuwan midkoodna uga shaqeyso meel ka baxsan shabakadaada guriga, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad samayso ilaa saddex shay:

1. Ka fur dekedaha ku yaal kombayutarka Windows -ka ee deegaanka ( HFS iyo FileZilla )

2. U soo gudbi^(Forward) dekedo gaar ah ( FTP , WEB , iwm) router kaaga una gudbi PC gaaga

3. Samee server-ka gurigaaga oo leh DNS dynamic , si loogu galo URL halkii laga isticmaali lahaa cinwaanka IP-ga, kaas oo isbeddeli kara wakhti kasta.

Doorashada saddexaad waa ikhtiyaari maadaama aad kaliya raadin karto cinwaankaaga IP-ga dibadda oo aad siin karto qofka u baahan inuu galo server-ka. Si kastaba ha noqotee, haddii aadan lahayn ciwaanka IP-ga ee taagan oo badi guryaha la dego aysan haysan, markaas ciwaanka IP-ga wuu is beddeli karaa wakhti kasta. Caadi ahaan, waxay ahaan doontaa isku mid dhowr maalmood si haddii taasi ay tahay dhammaan waqtiga aad u baahan tahay inaad wareejiso faylka, ka dibna ha ka welwelin doorashada 3. Haddii aadan garanayn waxa aan ka hadlayo, iska hubi. boostadayda oo sharraxaysa farqiga u dhexeeya ciwaanka IP-ga ee taagan iyo firfircoon .

Waxaan qoray qoraal faahfaahsan oo aan ku sharaxayo gudbinta dekedda iyo sida ay tahay inaad u habayso. Waxaad wax badan ka baran kartaa gudbinta dekedaha routerkaaga adiga oo aadaya http://www.portforward.com/ .

Waxaan sidoo kale wax ka qoray DNS firfircoon^{(dynamic DNS)} iyo sida aad naftaada u heli karto si sahlan oo lagu xasuusto URL kaas oo si toos ah u tilmaamaya cinwaankaaga IP-ga ee dadweynaha xitaa haddii uu isbeddelo.

Waxaan rajeyneynaa, tani waxay ku fiicnaan doontaa habka aad u dejisan lahayd server-ka wadaagga faylka guriga. Waxay qaadan doontaa wakhti xoogaa ah oo waxaad kula kulmi doontaa xoogaa hiccus inta aad jidka ku jirto, laakiin gabi ahaanba waa la qaban karaa dadka intooda badan. Haddii aad wax su'aalo ah qabtid ama aad la kulanto arrimo aadan xallin karin, faallo ku dheji waxaan isku dayi doonaa inaan ku caawinno. Ku raaxayso!

Share Large Files by Setting Up a Home File Server

Hаve you еver wanted to share large musіc, video, or data files with friends quickly, but didn’t want to waste so much time uploading them first? There are a lot of online servicеs that let you share files with others easily, bυt it still requires you to actually upload the file first.

The faster way to share files is to simply turn your computer into an FTP server so that users can connect remotely and download the files. Windows has a built-in feature for setting up a FTP server in the Professional and Ultimate editions, but it requires quite a bit of technical knowledge to get working. Luckily, there are a couple of open source programs that streamline the process considerably, leaving you with only a few things to configure on your own.

In this article, I’m going to go through a couple of open source file server applications that you can use to setup your own FTP server. I’ll also talk about the extra steps you need take, like configuring your router and firewall, to get the setup working properly. Since there are many well written tutorials for setting up each of these applications, I will simply link to the best one that will walk you step by step installing and configuring whichever app you choose.

HFS (HTTP File Server)

HFS (HTTP File Server) has been around for a long time and is one of the best ways to share your files with others using a file server. It’s great for novice and advanced users alike and can be setup fairly quickly with just the default settings. For the tinkerers, it has a whole bunch of other options to configure.

It’s highly customizable and allows you to create accounts, view current connections to your files, close/end connections, control bandwidth usage, and a lot more! It’s like a Windows Server File server except that it’s free and works over the web!

The best thing about HFS is how easy it is to use! It’s simply one EXE file that you just run, no need to install anything on your computer! Next just drag and drop the files you want to share into HFS and you’re up and running your own file server.

All connections can be monitored via a tray icon and you have full control over all connections. You can specify the IP address and port number that you want the file server to run on. It has a ton of options that you can configure, including the HTML template code, so you can customize the look and feel of your file server. To get started, download the EXE and run it. The first dialog you’ll see is a Windows Security Alert telling you the program is blocked.

Here you want to check the Private networks option and uncheck Public Networks before clicking on the Allow access button. Next you’ll be asked if you want to include HFS to the shell context menu, which basically means you can right-click on any file in Explorer instantly add it to the file server for sharing.

Once you click Yes or No, the main interface for the program will load. Note that it does not actually install anything on your system; it just runs like a portable app. Now all you have to do to get started is drag and drop some files in the left pane.

You’ll notice the nav bar is very simple: Menu, the port number and the mode you are in. By default, it’s set to easy mode and this should be perfectly fine for most people. The port number is 80 and that’s only needed if you want someone to connect via the web to your server. If someone is connecting over FTP to download a file, you’ll just give them your public IP address and the port number will be 21.

Using the web interface, they could browse the files and download from there too. In either case, you will have to forward the FTP (21) or Web (80) ports from your router to the computer running HFS. You can read about how to do all of that when in the Firewall and Port Forwarding section below. Go ahead and click the Open in browser button and it should load up the web interface for your file server with a list of any files you added earlier.

Once you have setup the firewall and router for access to your computer over the Internet, you can perform a self-test using HFS to make sure everything is working properly. Just click on Menu and the first option is Self Test.

Now skip down to the last section where I explain the different steps you need to complete in order to access your file server from outside the local network.

FileZilla Server

Filezilla is a popular FTP client program, but they also have a server version that is freely available. It’s also fairly easy to setup with the defaults options left unchanged during install.

When installing, you’ll be asked to choose how you want to install FileZilla and it’s best to leave it so that it installs as a Windows service. You can also leave the port number with the default value. Click Next and then you’ll be asked how the server should be started. Unless you want to manually start it, the default behavior is to load automatically when the user logs in. Click Install and it should be finished within a few seconds.

A small little window will pop up that shows the basic information for the server. Check the Always connect to this server box if you don’t plan on creating any other FTP server on the same computer. Click OK and main interface will appear.

There are a few more steps to get a directory setup in FileZilla, but our friends over at HowToGeek have written a great article that walks you through the rest of the process for setting up FileZilla.

FreeNAS

The last product I want to mention is FreeNAS, which is just an awesome open source program for creating your own network-attached storage device. Even though FreeNAS can do a ton of other stuff, it’s basic goal it to make sharing files easier.

The only difference FreeNAS and the other two programs I mentioned above is that the former is actually a full operating system of its own. If you want to use FreeNAS, you will have to dedicate an entire machine for its use! Also, it does have certain system requirements that might prevent you from using it on your particular PC.

Anyway, if you have a spare machine laying around that you’ve never been able to find a use for, maybe now is the time to convert it into a streaming and sharing super NAS.

The folks over at MakeUseOf have written a comprehensive guide to installing and setting up FreeNAS just for sharing out files over the Internet. They also talk about how to setup dynamic DNS so you can access your the server from outside the local network.

Firewall & Port Forwarding

As mentioned earlier, to get any of these to work outside your home network, you’ll need to do up to three things:

1. Open the ports on the local Windows firewall for the PC (HFS and FileZilla)

2. Forward certain ports (FTP, WEB, etc) from your router to your PC

3. Set up your home server with dynamic DNS, so that it can be accessed via a URL rather than an IP address, which may change anytime.

The third option is optional as you can just lookup your external IP address and give that to the person who needs to access the server. However, if you don’t have a static IP address and most residential homes don’t, then the IP address can change at anytime. Usually, it’ll be the same for a couple of days so if that’s all the time you need to transfer a file, then don’t worry about option 3. If you don’t know what I’m talking about, check out my post that explains the difference between a static and dynamic IP address.

I’ve written a detailed post explaining port forwarding and how you are supposed to configure it. You can learn more about forwarding ports on your router by going to http://www.portforward.com/.

I’ve also written about dynamic DNS and how you can get yourself an easy to remember URL that will automatically point your public IP address even if it changes.

Hopefully, this will get you well on your way to setting up a file sharing server from home. It will take a bit of time and you’ll run into some hiccups along the way, but it’s totally doable for most folks. If you have any questions or run into issues you can’t solve, post a comment and we’ll try to help. Enjoy!

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