Haddii aad ku cusub tahay kombuyuutar (ama xitaa haddii aanad ahayn), magacyada lagu dabaqo cabbirrada xusuusta ee kala duwan waxay u ekaan karaan qariib.

Haddii aad ka hadlaysid kaadhka xusuusta 8-megabyte, 500-gigabyte hard drive, ama 1 terabyte SSD drive, ereyadu waxay had iyo jeer u muuqdaan kuwo aan la taaban karin oo aan toos ahayn.

Sideed u qiyaasi kartaa inta boos ee gigabyte, terabyte, ama xitaa petabyte uu qeexayo?

Waa maxay Byte?

Si loo fahmo sida qaybaha waaweyn ee xusuusta u shaqeeyaan, waxaa muhiim ah in la dhiso qaddarinta baloogyada yaryar ee bannaan ee kuwa waaweyn laga sameeyay.

Erayada fudud, hal byte caadi ahaan waa siddeed lambar oo binary ah. Nambarka binary-ga ah waa 1 ama 0, kaas oo kombuyuutarada aadka u da'da weyn ay macno ahaan u taagan yihiin furaha shidma ama damsan yahay.

Waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah hababka kombiyuutarada oo leh bytes dhereryo kale ah, laakiin inta badan kombiyuutarada casriga ah maanta waxay ku salaysan yihiin habka siddeed-bit byte binary.

Siddeeda xabbo (byte) waxay inta badan u taagan yihiin xaraf ama lambar. Bytes waxa kale oo ay matali kartaa calaamado ka dhigan hal gabal oo shay weyn sida sawirka.

Maadaama "byte" uu yahay xogta ugu yar, markaa magacyo kale ayaa loo baahan yahay cutubyo waaweyn oo xog ah oo xitaa ka sii badan. Waxa ugu muhiimsan ee maskaxda lagu hayo waa in dhammaan cutubyada waaweyni ay ka kooban yihiin tiro go'an oo bytes ah, iyo byte kastaa wuxuu ka kooban yahay siddeed bits.

Markaad bilowdo inaad ururiso bytes badan, waxaad go'aamin kartaa magaca cutubka iyadoo ku saleysan tirada bytes.

Kiiloobyte waa 1,024 Bytes

Waxaad u malaynaysaa in mar haddii horgalaha "kilo" uu caadi ahaan ka dhigan yahay 1,000, kilobyte-ku wuxuu yeelan doonaa 1,000 bytes.

Xaqiiqdu waxay tahay maadaama kombuyuutarku ay kaydiyaan xogta iyagoo isticmaalaya nidaamka binary system, nidaamka binary-kuna uu ku salaysan yahay awoodaha 2, tirada dhabta ah ee bytes waa 1,024.

Waxaad arki kartaa tan marka aad eegto sida ay u shaqeyso awooda 2's.

• 2^0 = 1
• 2^1 = 2
• 2^2 = 4
• 2^3 = 8
• 2^4 = 16
• 2^5 = 32
• 2^6 = 64
• 2^7 = 128
• 2^8 = 256
• 2^9 = 512
• 2^10 = 1024

Qiimaha binary-ga koowaad ee ka dhigan 1,000 bytes waa 1,024. Sidaa darteed, kilobyte wuxuu ka kooban yahay 1,024 bytes.

Waxaad qiyaasi kartaa cabbirka uu macluumaadka u baahan doono iyadoo lagu salaynayo tirada jilayaasha xogtaas. Tusaale ahaan u soo qaado buug ka kooban 200 oo bog. Sida caadiga ah, bog kasta oo buug ku yaal waxa uu leeyahay ilaa 300 oo kelmadood boggiiba. Taas macneheedu waxa weeye buugga oo dhami waa ilaa 60,000 oo erey.

Celcelis ahaan ereygu wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 6 xaraf. Taas macnaheedu waa buug ka kooban 60,000 oo kelmadood waxa uu leeyahay ilaa 360,000 oo xaraf.

Si loo kaydiyo buuggan si elektaroonig ah waxay u baahan tahay 360,000 bytes.

Waxaad tan ku matali kartaa kilobytes (KB) adiga oo u qaybinaya 360,000 bytes 1024. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay buug ka kooban 60,000 oo erey wuxuu u baahan doonaa qiyaastii 351.56 kilobytes ee kaydinta dhijitaalka ah.

Waa maxay Gigabyte?

Habka mitirka, horgalayaasha "Giga" macnaheedu waa halbeeg cabbir 10 ilaa awoodda 9, ama 1,000,000,000. Laakin xasuusnoow, si aad tan ugu matasho nidaamka binary-ga kumbuyuutarka, waxay u baahantahay in lagu xisaabtamo qodobka binary-ga ee 2's.

Markaa, ka shaqaynta ilaa Gigabyte anagoo^(Gigabyte) adeegsanayna awooda 2, waxaan u baahanahay inaan aadno ilaa 2^30 si aan u helno tirada ugu horeysa ee ka badan 1 bilyan, taas oo ah 1,073,741,824 bytes.

Ilaa hadda waxaad ogtahay in kilobyte uu yahay 1,024 bytes. Ka warran wax kasta oo u dhexeeya 1,024 iyo 1,073,741,824?

• Kilobyte (KB): Kun bytes, ama kiiloobyte, waa 1,024 bytes.
• Megabyte (MB): Hal milyan oo bytes, ama megabyte, ayaa u taagan 1,024 kilobytes.
• Gigabyte (GB): Hal bilyan oo bytes, ama gigabyte ah, ayaa u taagan 1,024 megabyte.

Si aad u cabbirto cabbirka gigabyte-ka, ka fiirso in hal gigabyte uu kaydin karo ilaa 230 raadad muusig, ama ku dhawaad ​​600 sawir shan-megapixel ah. Xitaa waxaad ku kaydin kartaa filim caadi ah 1.5 saacadood 1 gigabyte.

Waa maxay Terabyte?

Waa maxay awooda soo socota ee 10 tirada ka weyn hal bilyan? Taasi waxay noqon lahayd trillion.

Horgalayaasha trillion waa "tera". Terabyte waa 10 ilaa awoodda 12 bytes, oo u taagan binary.

Taas macnaheedu waa 1 terabyte (TB) waa 1024 gigabytes. Inta badan Hard Drive-yada casriga ahi waxay kaydiyaan kala badh xogtan. Terabyte, trillion bytes, waa xog badan.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, warshadeeyayaasha ayaa bilaabay inay siidaayaan kombiyuutaro cusub oo wata hal ama laba terabyte. Aad bay ugu adag tahay isticmaale kasta inuu buuxiyo darawal adag oo noocaas ah, ilaa ay soo saarayaan saacado badan oo fiidiyoow heersare ah maalin kasta mooyaane.

Tixgeli in darawalka Floppy-ga caadiga ah ee 1990-meeyadii uu qaadi karo kumanaan bytes oo keliya. CD-ROM-ku wuxuu kaydin karaa 700 megabytes, DVD-ROM- ku wuxuu kaydin karaa 4.7 GB. Laakiin darawallada adag ee maanta waxay kaydin karaan trillion bytes. 1 terabyte wadista waxa uu kaydin karaa 217 DVD-ROM ’s data. Waxaan soo marnay waddo dheer.

Waa maxay Petabyte?

Qaybta kaydinta xigta ee la tixgelinayo waa waxa loo yaqaan petabyte.

Horgalayaasha "peta" waa halbeegga cabbirka hal quadrillion, ama 10 ilaa awoodda 15.

Maadaama ay tani tahay 1,000 unug oo hal trillion (tera), markaa hal petabyte wuxuu u dhigmaa 1,024 terabytes. Taasi waa hal quadrillion bytes.

Waxaad u malaynaysaa in tiradan macluumaadka aan weligeed la isticmaali karin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira petabytes oo macluumaad ah oo dhex mara nidaamyada kombiyuutarada iyo shabakadaha maanta, si kastaba ha ahaatee way adag tahay in la rumaysto.

Laakiin tixgeli codsiyada casriga ah ee soo socda ee tignoolajiyada cabbirka petabyte:

• Google wuxuu socodsiiyaa in ka badan 24 petabytes oo macluumaad ah maalin kasta.
• Shabakadda telefoonnada^(Mobile) gacanta waxay u gudbiyaan in ka badan 20 petabytes oo ka imanaya isticmaalayaasha maalin kasta.
• Kumbuyuuterka supercomputer-ka Blue Waters waxa uu leeyahay in ka badan 500 petabytes ee kaydinta cajaladaha.
• Maktabadda Koongareeska ^(Congress)Mareykanka ^(United) waxay ^(Library)ka^(States) kooban tahay in ka badan 7 petabytes oo xog dhijitaal ah oo ku jira kaydkeeda.
• World of Warcraft seerfarrada^(Warcraft) waxay u baahan yihiin in ka badan 1.5 petabytes oo kaydin ah si ay u socodsiiyaan ciyaarteeda khadka tooska ah.

Miisaanka petabyte waa ay adag tahay in madaxaaga lagu duubo, laakiin markaad tixgeliso xaaladaha kore, waxay noqon doontaa mid cad inta xog ee ku lug leh.

Hal petabyte ah ayaa kaydin karta in ka badan 10,000 saacadood oo barnaamij telefishin ah. Haddii aad buuxisay dhammaan golaha xaraynta afarta-sawir oo wata dukumeenti qoraal ah, waxaad ku dhejin kartaa 20 milyan oo ka mid ah armaajooyinka faylka ah petabyte.

Dhab ahaantii, waxaad ku kaydin kartaa qoraal kasta oo qoran oo ay sameeyeen bini'aadmigu ilaa bilowgii taariikhda la diiwaan geliyey 50 petabytes.

Taasi waa xog badan.

Fahamka Eray bixinta Xusuusta

Waa muhiim in la fahmo unugyada xusuusta sababtoo ah waxaa laga isticmaalaa meel kasta oo ay jirto tignoolajiyada maalmahan. Mar kasta oo aad iibsato kombuyuutar, talefanka gacanta, ama tablet-ka, waxa qeexiddu dhammaantood ku qoran yihiin xagga kaydinta xusuusta, iyo inta xog ee ay tignoolajiyaddu gudbin karto.

Haddii aad fahamto dhammaan shuruudahan, markaa waxaad ogaan doontaa inta uu kombuyuutarku ka fiican yahay kan kale. Waxaad ogaan doontaa intee in le'eg ayay ka fiican tahay shabakadda mobilada ee 4G kan 3G. Waxaad u mahadcelin doontaa intee ka badan oo aad ku kaydsan karto kaadhka xusuusta ee 1 terabyte halkii aad ka ahaan lahayd 500 megabyte.

Marka ay tignoolajiyadu sii socoto horumarka, waxa suurtogal ah in ay jiraan unugyo cusub oo xusuusta ah oo wax laga barto. Laakiin hadda, shuruudahan waa waxa kaliya ee aad u baahan doonto inaad ogaato.

Oo haddii aad meel fog gaartay, waa inaad u gudubtaa maqaal aan ka qornay oo ku saabsan fahamka xawaaraha wareejinta shabakada^{(understanding network transfer speeds)} , kaas oo ka kooban megabits halkii ilbiriqsi, gigabits per second, iwm. Tani waxay kaa caawin doontaa inaad fahamto marka ISP- gaagu kuu sheego taas. Xawaarahaaga soo dejintu waa 15 MBps . Ku raaxayso!

Memory Sizes: Gigabytes, Terabytes, and Petabytes Explained

If you’re new to computers (or even if you’re not), the names that get applied to different memorу sizеs can seem ѕtrange.

Whether you’re talking about an 8-megabyte memory card, a 500-gigabyte hard drive, or a 1 terabyte SSD drive, the terms always seem abstract and random.

How exactly do you gauge just how much space a gigabyte, a terabyte, or even a petabyte describes?

What Is a Byte?

To understand how the larger blocks of memory work, it’s important to build an appreciation for the smaller blocks of space that those larger ones are made from.

In simple terms, a single byte is typically eight binary digits. A binary digit is a 1 or a 0, which in very old computers literally represented a switch that was on or off.

There are some computer systems that have bytes of other lengths, but most modern computers today are based on an eight-bit byte binary system.

Those eight bits (a byte) usually represent a character like a letter or number. Bytes can also represent symbols that represent one piece of a larger object like an image.

Since a “byte” is the smallest unit of data, then other names are needed for larger units of data made up of even more bits. The important thing to keep in mind is that all the larger units are made up of a fixed number of bytes, and each byte typically contains eight bits.

As you start stacking up more bytes, you can determine the name of the unit based on the number of bytes.

A Kilobyte is 1,024 Bytes

You would think that since the prefix “kilo” typically means 1,000, that kilobyte would have 1,000 bytes.

The reality is that since computers store data using the binary system, and the binary system is based on powers of 2, the actual number of bytes is 1,024.

You can see this when you look at how the power of 2’s works.

• 2^0 = 1
• 2^1 = 2
• 2^2 = 4
• 2^3 = 8
• 2^4 = 16
• 2^5 = 32
• 2^6 = 64
• 2^7 = 128
• 2^8 = 256
• 2^9 = 512
• 2^10 = 1024

The first binary value that represents 1,000 bytes is 1,024. Therefore, a kilobyte contains 1,024 bytes.

You can estimate the size that information would require based on the number of characters in that data. Take a 200-page book as an example. Typically, each page in a book has about 300 word per page. That means the entire book is about 60,000 words.

An average word is about 6 characters. That means a 60,000-word book has about 360,000 characters.

To store this book electronically would require 360,000 bytes.

You can represent this in kilobytes (KB) by dividing 360,000 bytes by 1024. This means a 60,000-word book would require about 351.56 kilobytes of digital storage.

What is a Gigabyte?

In the metric system, the prefix “Giga” means a unit of measure of 10 to the power of 9, or 1,000,000,000. But remember, to represent this in the computer binary system, it needs to take the binary factor of 2’s into account.

So, working up to Gigabyte using power of 2’s, we’ll need to go all the way to 2^30 to get the first number over 1 billion, which is 1,073,741,824 bytes.

So far you know that a kilobyte is 1,024 bytes. What about everything between 1,024 and 1,073,741,824 ?

• Kilobyte (KB): A thousand bytes, or a kilobyte, is 1,024 bytes.
• Megabyte (MB): A million bytes, or a megabyte, is represented as 1,024 kilobytes.
• Gigabyte (GB): A billion bytes, or a gigabyte, is represented as 1,024 megabytes.

To put the size of a gigabyte into perspective, consider that a single gigabyte can store about 230 music tracks, or almost 600 five-megapixel photographs. You could even store a standard 1.5-hour movie on 1 gigabyte.

What Is a Terabyte?

What is the next power of 10 number greater than a billion? That would be a trillion.

The prefix for a trillion is “tera”. A terabyte is 10 to the power of 12 bytes, represented in binary.

That means 1 terabyte (TB) is 1024 gigabytes. Most modern hard drives store half of this amount of data. A terabyte, a trillion bytes, is a lot of information.

In recent years, manufacturers have started releasing new computers with a one or two terabyte drives. It would be very difficult for any user to fill up such a hard drive, unless they’re producing many hours of high-definition video every day.

Consider that a standard floppy drive in the 1990’s could hold only thousands of bytes. A CD-ROM could store 700 megabytes, and a DVD-ROM could store 4.7 GB. But the hard drives of today can store trillions of bytes. A 1 terabyte drive could store 217 DVD-ROM’s worth of data. We’ve come a long way.

What Is a Petabyte?

The next storage unit to consider is what’s known as a petabyte.

The prefix “peta” is the measurement unit for one quadrillion, or 10 to the power of 15.

Since this is 1,000 units of one trillion (tera), then one petabyte is equivalent to 1,024 terabytes. That’s one quadrillion bytes.

You would think this volume of information could never be used. However, there are petabytes of information flowing through computer systems and networks today, however hard that may be to believe.

But consider the following modern applications of petabyte sized technology:

• Google processes over 24 petabytes of information every day.
• Mobile phone networks transmit over 20 petabytes to and from users every day.
• The Blue Waters supercomputer has over 500 petabytes of tape storage.
• The United States Library of Congress contains over 7 petabytes of digital data in its archives.
• World of Warcraft servers require over 1.5 petabytes of storage to run its online game.

The scale of a petabyte is hard to wrap your head around, but once you consider the scenarios above, it becomes quite clear just how much data is involved.

A single petabyte could store over 10,000 hours of television programming. If you filled an entire four-drawer filing cabinet with documents filled with text, you could fit 20 million of those file cabinets into a petabyte.

In fact, you could store every single written manuscript created by humanity since the beginning of recorded history in 50 petabytes.

That’s a lot of data.

Understanding Memory Terminology

It’s important to understand the units of memory because it’s used everywhere where there’s technology these days. Any time you buy a computer, a mobile phone, or a tablet, the specifications are all written in terms of memory storage, and how much data the technology can transmit.

If you understand all these terms, then you’ll know just how much better one computer is than other. You’ll appreciate how much better a 4G mobile network is than a 3G one. You’ll appreciate how much more you’ll be able to store on a 1 terabyte memory card rather than a 500 megabyte one.

As technology continues to advance, it’s possible there will be new units of memory to learn about. But for now, these terms are all you’ll need to know.

And if you’ve gotten this far, you should jump over to an article we’ve written about understanding network transfer speeds, which consists of megabits per second, gigabits per second, etc. This will help you understand when your ISP tells you that your download speed is 15 MBps. Enjoy!

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