Maalmo ka dib, waxaan la kulmay maqaal dadka ku qancinaya in sirdoonka Artificial Intelligence^{(Artificial Intelligence)} ama AI uusan ka gudbi karin sida uu hadda yahay. Waxay gabi ahaanba iska indho tirtay mustaqbalka. Laakin waxaynu wada ognahay in cilmi baadhista mowduuca lagu sameeyo si ka daran wakhtiyadii hore. Waxaan horay u haysanay koodka AI ku saleysan iyo mashiinnada iwm kuwaas oo sii wadi doona horumarinta. Aynu eegno qaar ka mid ah xaqiiqooyinka ku saabsan Sirdoonka Artificial^{(Artificial Intelligence)} anagoo meesha ka saarayna khuraafaadka qaarkood.

Xaqiiqooyinka ku saabsan Sirdoonka Artificial

Maqaalada qaar ee shabakada ayaa sheegaya in mashiinadu aysan yeelan karin damiir. Waxay sii raaciyeen in aan damiirka la qiyaasi karin oo aan loo qaadan karin cilmi. Laakiin waxaan ognahay inay ku dhex jirto qof kasta. Dadku waxay leeyihiin damiir haddii sayniska uu u arko inay tahay xaqiiqo iyo haddii kale. Saynisku xitaa ma cabbiri karo shabakadaha maskaxda ama neerfaha, laakiin waa inay aqoonsadaan.

Iyada oo taas saldhig u ah xaqiiqooyinka ku saabsan sirdoonka macmal, waxaan isku dayi doonaa inaan sharaxo tignoolajiyada iyo waxyaalaha la xidhiidha.

Doodda ugu weyn ee maqaalku waxay ahayd in tan iyo damiirka aan la qorsheyn karin mashiinnada, dumb AI waa AI kaliya oo gebi ahaanba iska indhatiray dhibaatooyinka cilmi-baarayaasha kale ay ku arkaan Super AI . Runtii waxa jira dugsi-feker oo ay dadku raacaan aragtidan damiirka iyo is-wacyigelinta. Waxay aaminsan yihiin in AI hadda aanu ahayn AI gabi ahaanba, laakiin kaliya automation kaliya sababtoo ah damiirka iyo miyir-qabka ayaa ka maqan mashiinnada.

Laakiin waxaan horeyba u ognahay in AI ay ka badan tahay hirgelinta maskaxda bini'aadamka… in ka badan Automation… Ka fikirida magaca kombayutarada/mashiinada waxay la macno tahay ku lug lahaanshaha NIL ee hawlwadeenada. Waxaan maqaalkan qayb gooni ah kaga hadli doonaa otomaatigga vs. sirdoonka macmal. Marka hore^(First) aynu eegno noocyada sirdoonka macmal ah^{(Artificial Intelligence)} .

Noocyada Sirdoonka Artificial

Waxay u badan tahay inaad horeba wax uga ogeyd Sirdoonka Artificial . Waxaa loo kala saaraa noocyo badan. Si ay ugu habboonaato, waxaanu u kala qaybin doonaa saddex qaybood oo ballaadhan oo kuwa bilawga ahi isticmaalaan.

1. Caqliga daciifka ah
2. AI xoog badan
3. Sirdoonka Artificial Super

AI daciif^{(Weak AI)} ah ayaa jirtay muddo dheer. Kaliya waa mishiin u shaqeeya oo loogu talagalay. Tusaale u soo qaado kantaroolka xawaaraha baabuurka. Xakameeyaha xawaaruhu wuxuu cabbiraa xawaaraha baabuurta wuxuuna ku hayaa koontaroolkooda. Ma jirto sirdoon halkaas, laakiin waxaa hubaal ah in ay meesha ka saarayso baahida bini'aadamka si uu u ilaaliyo xawaaraha gaariga.

Tusaalaha kale ee daciifka ah ee AI waa ciyaarta chess. Haddii aad ku ciyaareyso chess mashiinka, waxay u egtahay in uu fekerayo. Xaqiiqda, waxay kala saaraysaa dhammaan dhaqdhaqaaqyada suurtagalka ah iyo khasaaraha la xidhiidha dhaqdhaqaaq kasta. Taasi ma aha mid gaabis ah laakiin wali waxay soo dirtaa calaamad muujinaysa in mishiinku ku fekerayo.

Marka la soo koobo, halka mashiinnada loo sameeyo si ay u qabtaan dhowr fal oo ku salaysan gebi ahaanba koodka, waa AI daciif ah. Waxgarad dhab ah kuma filaysid halkaas.

Strong AI waa mid ay mashiinadu ka ciyaari karaan qaybta fahamka. AI daciifka ah, qaybta fahamka waxaa loo habeeyay bini'aadamka oo codeeya ama isticmaala mishiinnada. AI xooggan ayaa fahmi karta oo qaadi karta ficilo ku salaysan falalkooda.

Haddii aad xasuusato TAY , Microsoft chatbot-ka, waxaa maalinta oo dhan quudin jiray bini'aadamka, waxayna noqotay cunsuri maalin gudaheed. Ilaa hadda waxay ahayd daciif AI. Laakiin haddii ay fahmi lahayd macluumaadka ay tahay inay diidaan iyo waxa la ururiyo, waxay ahaan lahayd AI xooggan. Taasi waa, iska ilaali dadka ku quudin jiray jagooyinka kuwaas oo u horseeday diidmo waxayna fahamsan yihiin in ay tahay aqoon xun oo ay tahay in la diido, waxaan u yeeri karnaa tusaale ahaan Strong AI .

Super AI waxay ku xiran tahay miyir-qabka. Halkani waa halka ay mishiinadu ku ogaanayaan inay jiraan iyo inay u jiraan ujeedo. Hadda ma hayno wax badan oo ka mid ah Strong AI , sidaa darteed waxaan u tixgelineynaa Super AI mid aan la gaari karin. Dhanka kale marka loo eego, cilmi baaris ayaa ku socota; Tijaabooyin ayaa la sameynayaa, waxaana laga yaabaa in dhawaan la helo mishiin garan kara waxa ay tahay iyo waxa ay tahay ujeeddooyinkeeda. Waa arrin waqti uun ah!

Akhriso^(Read) : Waa maxay Barashada Mashiinka iyo Barashada Qoto dheer^{(Machine Learning and Deep Learning)} ?

Xaqiiqooyinka ku saabsan sirdoonka macmal - Automation-ku miyay^{(Does Automation)} ka dhigan tahay AI?

Maya. Automation waxa la odhan karaa waa qayb ka mid ah sirdoonka macmal. Automation-ku wuxuu noqon karaa mid yar sida suunka qaadaha shandad. Tusaalaha kontoroolka xawaaraha sare, mishiinka xawaarihiisa wax akhriya wax yar baa wax laga bedeli karaa si uu gaadhigu ugu soo celiyo xawaarihii caadiga ahaa. Sidoo kale^(Likewise) , baabuurta aan darawalka lahayn ee go'aansan kara meesha ay aadaan waxay wadi karaan baabuurka oo waxay adeegsan karaan dardargelin. Markaa halka qaybta fekerka ee baabuurta bilaa darawalka ah la odhan karo waa Sirdoonka^{(Intelligence)} Artificial , dhinacyo kale sida isteerinka iyo dardargelinta si toos ah. Sidaa darteed waa ammaan in la yiraahdo otomaatiggu waa qayb ka mid ah wax soo saarka sirdoonka macmal.

Akhri^(Read) : Waa maxay Google RankBrain .

Sirdoonka macmal ah^{(Artificial Intelligence)} ma bedeli doonaa Shaqooyinka^(Jobs) ?

Jahwareerka ku saabsan sirdoonka macmal ah waa in ay bedeli karaan aadanaha shaqooyin kala duwan mustaqbalka. Tiknoolajiyada^(Technology) guud ahaan waxay horey u soo gaabisay suuqa shaqada, taasoo naga dhigtay qaar badan oo naga mid ah shaqo la'aan. Haddii mashiinadu u malayn karaan naftooda iyo guryaha ganacsiga, waxay ku samayn doonaan xawaare aad uga sarreeya kan bini'aadamka. Baahnayn in la sheego, ganacsiyadu waxay wax badan gelin doonaan sirdoonka macmal.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa had iyo jeer jira baaxadda meelaha kale si ay u furmaan. Tiknoolajiyada cusub, waxaa jira fursado sidoo kale.  Kaliya^(Just) in shuruudaha ama xirfadda dejintu ay ka duwanaan doonto. Haddii tusaale ahaan, baabuurta bilaa darawalka ah ay bedeli karaan shaqooyinka wadista, waxaan u baahan doonaa shaqaale xirfad leh oo ilaalin kara baabuurtan.

Maqaalkan, Microsoft waxay sharraxaysaa sida Sirdoonka Artificial uu u qaabayn doono mustaqbalkeenna .

Super AI khatar ma noqon karaa?

Waa laga yaabaa ama ma noqon karto. Waxay kuxirantahay waxa lagu quudiyo mishiinada. Haddii aan dib u eegno tusaalaha TAY , way xumaatay sababtoo ah dadku waxay quudin jireen waxyaabo taban. Sidoo kale, haddii mashiinadu ay kasbadaan miyir-qabka oo ay bartaan inay iska indhatiraan xumaanta, way fiicnaan doonaan. Haddii ay xumaan ka shaqeyso, waxaa hubaal ah inay bilaabaan ka hortagga aadanaha. Qaar badan^(Many) oo ka mid ah dhakhaatiirta caanka ah ayaa saxeexay codsi si ay dawladaha ugu oggolaadaan inay fahmaan khatarta Super AI iyo inay joojiyaan maalgelinta mashaariicdaas. Laakiin waxaynu ognahay in guryaha ganacsiga ee shirkadu ay ku raadjoogaan faa'iidada ay gaari karaan ilaa xad. Xitaa haddii mashaariicdan oo kale ay joojiyaan dawladuhu, qaar ka mid ah guryaha shirkadaha ayaa aad ugu farxi doona inay maalgeliyaan cilmi-baarista iyo tijaabooyinka noocan oo kale ah. Markaa waa inaan u baahanahay inaan walwalno.

Akhriso^(Read) : Waa maxay Barashada Mashiinka iyo sida ay uga duwan tahay Sirdoonka^{(Intelligence)} Artificial .

Dood ku saabsan sirdoonka macmal

Doodda ku saabsan sirdoonka macmal^{(debate on artificial intelligence)} ayaa leh laba dhinac. Kuwa ka baqaya mashiinada la wareegaya bini'aadamka waxaa lagu magacaabaa rajo-xumo, halka kooxda kale ay u maleyneyso inay ciyaari karaan Ilaahyo^(Gods) .

Kalfadhiga AMA ( Wax kasta I waydii^{(Ask Me Anything)} ) ee Reddit , Bill Gates waxa uu xaqiijiyay cabsidiisa. Waxa uu sheegay in uu ka walaacsan yahay khatarta ka iman karta in sirdoonka macmalku uu u keeno aadanaha. Waxa kale oo uu sheegay in uu ku raacsan yahay dadka sida Elon Musk , CEO of SpaceX , mana garanayo sababta ay kuwa kale uga walaacsan yihiin mashiinnada helaya miyir-qabka.

Bill Gates ma aha ka kaliya ee ka walaacsan saamaynta xun ee sirdoonka macmal. Dhawr bilood ka hor, waraysi uu bixiyey, Stephan Hawking wuxuu ku sheegay in sirdoonka macmalka ahi uu aadanaha u horseedi karo halaag. Stephan Hawking waa saynis yahan iyo cilmi baadhe caan ah. Waa curyaan oo waxa uu ku hadlaa mashiin ku salaysan garaad macmal ah. Mashiinku wuxuu bartaa hab-fikirkiisa wuxuuna saadaaliyaa erayada uu rabo inuu isticmaalo xiga. Codku waa robotic, inkastoo ay jiraan mashiinno la mid ah oo bixiya codad dabiici ah oo dheeraad ah, Stephan ayaa doorbidaya codka kombiyuutarka. Waxa uu sheegay in carruurta u baahan in ay isticmaalaan mashiinnadan oo kale inta badan ay rabaan in ay ku daydaan marka ay hadlayaan.

Stephan Hawking ayaa waxaa waraysi la yeeshay wariye ka tirsan BBC-da^(BBC) oo waydiiyay su'aal ku saabsan mishiinkiisa isgaarsiineed ee isticmaala qaabka aasaasiga ah ee sirdoonka macmal. Si tan, wuxuu ku jawaabay "hormarinta sirdoon buuxa oo macmal ah ayaa laga yaabaa inay qeexdo dhammaadka qiyamka aadanaha". Waxa uu intaa ku daray in bini’aadamka oo aan ku koobi karin xawli dheereeya, aanu tartami karin oo laga badeli doono.

Sidoo kale, Steve Wozniak , aasaasaha Apple ayaa aad uga walaacsan mustaqbalka sirdoonka macmal. ^(Apple)Isaga oo hadalkiisa sii wata ayaa yidhi:

“Will we be the gods? Will we be the family pets? Or will we be ants that get stepped on? I don’t know about that …”

Laakiin waxaa jira kuwo kale oo ka mid ah warshadaha kuwaas oo aad u niyadsan oo gacan ka geysta dooda ku saabsan sirdoonka macmal si rajo leh. Horumariyaha Cleverbot , Rollo Carpenter , ayaa sheegay in uu aaminsan yahay in bini'aadanku ay sii ahaan doonaan mas'uuliyadda tignoolajiyada muddo dheer iyo awoodeeda waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu xalliyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah barnaamijyada dhabta ah. Cleverbot waa software kula sheekeysan kara waligaa ma ogaan doontid inaad ku sheekeysaneyso software.

Isaguna waa uu yara shakisan yahay laakiin waxa uu sharad ku leeyahay in saamaynta ay leedahay in la horumariyo caqli-galnimada macmalka ah ee la is waafajiyo ama ka dhaafida garaadka bini'aadamka ay u xaglinayso jinsiyadda aadanaha. Wuxuu yidhi:

“We cannot quite know what will happen if a machine exceeds our own intelligence, so we can’t know if we’ll be infinitely helped by it, or ignored by it and sidelined, or conceivably destroyed by it…”

Hadda hubi qaybtan wada hadalka. Ivan Crewkov ayaa^{(Ivan Crewkov)} waydiiyay mishiin ka waran haddii Catherine ay wax ka qortay. Mashiinku wuxuu ku jawaabayaa inay fiicnaan lahayd. Oo waxay ku dartay, "Ma u malaynaysaa inay runtii xiisaynayso inay wax iga qorto?"

Wadahadalku kama iman filim kasta. Waa Robot kaaliyaha gaarka ah oo lagu magacaabo Cubic oo mar hore ayay soo saartay. Waxaan filayaa in dadku ay jeclaan lahaayeen in ay helaan kaaliyaha gaarka ah oo u hadli kara sida aadanaha - oo muujinaya shucuurta aadanaha, iwm^(Cubic) . Dadka ka qaybqaatay mashruuca waxay heli doonaan Cubic meel ku dhow Noofambar^(November) sanadkan. In kasta oo ay ku faraxsan tahay in aad haysato wehel aad la hadli karto inta aad rabto, waxaa jira cabsiyo sidoo kale ku lifaaqan.

Laakiin maxaa dhacaya haddii mashiinnada sida Cubic oo leh heerar sare oo sirdoon macmal ah ay helaan miyir-qab? Ma rabaan inay dadka ugu adeegaan sayid ahaan? Mise waxay rabaan in aadanuhu ay addoomo ahaan ugu adeegaan?

Akhri^(Read) : Waa maxay Metaverse ?

Xaqiiqooyinka kor ku xusan ee ku saabsan sirdoonka macmal maaha kuwo dhamaystiran. Waxaan la iman doonaa maqaal kale in muddo ah oo aan uga hadli doono wax badan oo ku saabsan khuraafaadka ku saabsan sirdoonka macmal.^{(The above facts about artificial intelligence are not comprehensive. I will come up with another article in a while where we’ll talk more about myths about artificial intelligence.)}

Facts, Myths, Debate about Artificial Intelligence

A few days back, I came across an articlе that was conνincing people that Artificial Intelligence or AI cannot progress beyond what it is now. It totally ignored the future. But we all know that research on the subject is being carried out more aggressively than any other time in the past. We already have AI-based code and machines etc. that will keep on improving. Let’s check out some facts about Artificial Intelligence while also dismissing some myths about it.

Facts about Artificial Intelligence

Some articles on the web say machines cannot have a conscience. They go on to say that conscience cannot be measured and cannot be considered scientific. But we know that it is there inside everyone. People have a conscience whether or not science considers it as a fact. Science cannot even measure brain or neural networks, but it has to acknowledge them.

With that as a base among facts about artificial intelligence, I’ll try to explain the technology and things associated with it.

The main argument in the article was that since a conscience cannot be programmed into machines, the dumb AI is the only AI and totally ignores the problems other researchers see with Super AI. There is indeed a school of thought where people follow this theory of conscience and self-awareness. They believe the current AI is not AI at all but just automation just because conscience and consciousness are missing from machines.

But we already know AI is more of enacting the human brain… much more than Automation… as it involves thinking on behalf of computers. Thinking on behalf of computers/machines would mean the NIL involvement of operators. I’ll cover automation vs. artificial intelligence in a separate section in this article. First, let’s check out the types of Artificial Intelligence.

Types of Artificial Intelligence

You probably already know about Artificial Intelligence. It is categorized into many types. For convenience, we’ll just place them in three broad categories that beginners use.

1. Weak Intelligence
2. Strong AI
3. Super Artificial Intelligence

Weak AI has been around for a long time. It is just a machine that works for which it is designed. Take the vehicle speed controller as an example. The speed controller measures the speed of vehicles and keeps them in control. There is no intelligence there, but it sure removes the need of a human to keep watching the speed of the vehicle.

Another weak AI example is the game of chess. If you are playing chess with a machine, it looks as if it is thinking. In reality, it is parsing all the possible moves and the casualties associated with each move. That is not slow but still sends a signal that the machine is thinking.

In short, where the machines are made to perform a few acts based totally on the coding, it is weak AI. You don’t expect real intelligence there.

Strong AI is one where the machines can play the part of understanding. In weak AI, the understanding part is reserved for humans who code or use the machines. Strong AI can understand and take actions based on their actions.

If you remember TAY, the Microsoft chatbot, it was fed with crap all day by humans and became racist in a day. So far it was weak AI. But if it had understood what information it has to reject and what to collect, it would have been strong AI. That is, ignore people who were feeding it with posts that led to negativity and it understood that it is a bad knowledge that has to be rejected, we could have called it an example of Strong AI.

Super AI is connected to consciousness. This is where the machines know they exist and that they exist for a purpose. We don’t have much of Strong AI at present, and hence we consider Super AI as non-achievable. Looking at the other side, research is on; experiments are being conducted, and we may soon have a machine that knows what it is and what are its aims. It’s just a matter of time!

Read: What is Machine Learning and Deep Learning?

Facts about artificial intelligence – Does Automation mean AI?

No. Automation can be said to be a part of artificial intelligence. Automation can be as small as a baggage conveyor belt. In the speed control example above, the machine which is reading speed can be modified a bit to bring the vehicle back to normal speed. Likewise, driverless cars that can decide where to go can steer the vehicle and apply acceleration. So while the thinking part of driverless cars can be said to be Artificial Intelligence, other aspects such as steering and acceleration are automated. Hence it is safe to say that automation is just part of the output of artificial intelligence.

Read: What is Google RankBrain.

Will Artificial Intelligence replace Jobs?

Confusion about artificial intelligence is that it can replace humans in different jobs in the future. Technology as a whole has already cut short the job market, making many of us unemployed. If machines can think for themselves and the business houses, they’ll do it at a speed much higher than that of humans. Needless to say, businesses will invest more in artificial intelligence.

However, there is always scope for other fields to open up. With new technology, there come opportunities too.  Just that the requirement or the skill set would be different. If for example, driverless cars can replace driving jobs, we’ll need a skilled workforce that can maintain these cars.

In this post, Microsoft explains how Artificial Intelligence will shape our future.

Can Super AI be dangerous?

It may or may not be. It depends on what is fed to the machines. If we look back at the TAY example, it went bad because people fed it negative things. Likewise, if the machines earn consciousness and learn to ignore the bad, they will be good. If there is evil working on it, they may definitely start countering humans. Many of the renowned physicists signed a petition to let governments understand the risks of Super AI and to stop funding such projects. But we know that corporate business houses in their pursuit of profits can go to any extent. Even if such projects are stopped by governments, some corporate houses will be more than happy to fund such researches and experiments. It is then that we need to worry.

Read: What is Machine Learning and how it is different from Artificial Intelligence.

Debate on artificial intelligence

The debate on artificial intelligence has two sides. The ones afraid of machines taking over humans is termed pessimists, while the other group thinks they can play Gods.

In an AMA (Ask Me Anything) session on Reddit, Bill Gates confirmed his fears. He said he is worried about the potential threats that artificial intelligence poses to humankind. He also said he agrees with people like Elon Musk, CEO of SpaceX,  and doesn’t know why others are not concerned about machines gaining self-consciousness.

Bill Gates is not the only one concerned about the negative effect of artificial intelligence. A few months ago, in an interview, Stephan Hawking said that artificial intelligence can spell doom for mankind. Stephan Hawking is a prominent scientist and researcher. He is paralyzed and uses a machine based on artificial intelligence to talk. The machine learns his thought process and predicts the words he may want to use next. The voice is robotic and though there are similar machines that provide more natural voices, Stephan prefers the computer voice. He says children who need to use such machines often want to imitate him when speaking.

Stephan Hawking was being interviewed by a BBC reporter who posed a question about his communication machine that uses a basic form of artificial intelligence. To this, he replied that “the development of full artificial intelligence could spell the doom end of the human race”. He further added that humans, who cannot evolve at a faster speed, cannot compete and would be superseded.

Likewise, Steve Wozniak, the Apple co-founder is too worried about the future of artificial intelligence. In his own words:

“Will we be the gods? Will we be the family pets? Or will we be ants that get stepped on? I don’t know about that …”

But there are others in the industry who are more optimistic and contribute to the debate on artificial intelligence optimistically. The developer of Cleverbot, Rollo Carpenter, says that he believes that humans will remain in charge of the technology for a long time and the potential of it can be used to solve many of the real-world programs. Cleverbot is a software that can chat with you and you will never find out that you are chatting with a software.

He too is a bit skeptical but is betting that the effects of developing artificial intelligence matching or surpassing human intelligence would be in favor of the human race. He says:

“We cannot quite know what will happen if a machine exceeds our own intelligence, so we can’t know if we’ll be infinitely helped by it, or ignored by it and sidelined, or conceivably destroyed by it…”

Now check this piece of dialog. Ivan Crewkov asks a machine what if Catherine wrote about it. The machine replies that it would be great. And adds, “Do you think she will be really interested in writing about me?”

The dialog is not from any movie. It is a personal assistant robot named Cubic and it is already under production. I guess people would love to have a personal assistant that can talk like humans – showing human emotions, etc. Cubic is a crowdsourced project and they raised more than $100,000 in crowd-funding. People who contributed to the project will be getting the Cubic somewhere around November this year. While it feels good to have a companion with whom you can talk as much as you want, there are some fears attached as well.

But what happens if machines like Cubic with higher levels of artificial intelligence gain self-consciousness? Will they be willing to serve humans as masters? Or will they want humans to serve them as slaves?

Read: What is Metaverse?

The above facts about artificial intelligence are not comprehensive. I will come up with another article in a while where we’ll talk more about myths about artificial intelligence.

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