Linux , way fududahay (sida ay ugu badan tahay nidaamyada hawlgalka), inaad dib u bilowdo kombayutarkaaga, ka baxdo akoonkaaga isticmaale, ama gabi ahaanba xidho nidaamkaaga. Inta badan, way fududdahay inaad ku dhufatid badhanka awoodda kombayutarka, ama gujinta badhanka aaladda. Ubuntu , waxaad^(Ubuntu) arki doontaa daaqad sidan oo kale ah oo soo baxday.

Waxaad heli doontaa ikhtiyaarka ah inaad isla markiiba damiso kumbuyuutarkaaga (ka dib markaad xidhid fadhigaaga), dib u kicinta, bixista, iyo in ka badan.

Waxaas oo dhan waxaa lagu samayn karaa Terminalka^(Terminal) sidoo kale, kaas oo si gaar ah ugu anfacaya kuwa isticmaala Ubuntu ee had iyo jeer sii haya fadhiga Terminalka . ^(Terminal)Habkani waxa kale oo ku jira dhawr doorasho, gaar ahaan xidhidhiyaha nidaamkaaga.

Ka dami Ubuntu Terminal

Marka hore, waxaan furi doonaa Terminal.

Kahor inta aynaan u gudbin amarrada, ogow in waxyaabo badan oo aan sameyn doono ay isla markaaba soo afjari doonaan fadhigaaga hadda, sidaas darteed waa fikrad wanaagsan in wax walba la keydiyo marka aad baadhayso casharkan, markaa haddii – fursad – aad si qalad ah u damiso kombayutarka, waxba waayi maayo.

Taasi waxay tidhi, halkan ayaan tagnaa.

Waxa ugu horreeya ee aan ka hadli doono waa xiritaanka kombiyuutarkaaga. Tan waxaan ku sameyn doonaa anagoo adeegsanayna amarka xirida Aasaaska ugu badan, waxaan damin karnaa kombayutarkayaga annagoo ku qorna kuwa soo socda Terminal :

sudo shutdown -h now

Ilaa aad dhawaan samaysay ficil maamule ahaan, waxaa lagu waydiin doonaa eraygaaga sirta ah. Markaad si guul leh u gashid, kumbuyuutarkaagu wuxuu isla markiiba bilaabi doonaa nidaamka xidhitaanka.

Isticmaalka amarkan wuxuu asal ahaan ku siinayaa kombuyuutarkaaga ikhtiyaarka ah inuu joojiyo ama damiyo, ka dibna isla markiiba sameeyo. Joojinta waxay si fudud u joojisaa dhammaan socodsiinta socodka, taasoo ka dhigaysa badbaado in la damiyo kombayutarka, halka amarka poweroff uu sameeyo labadaba.

Xusuusin: haddii aad rabto inaad joojiso, waxaad sidoo kale ku qori kartaa sudo halt gudaha Terminalka.^{(Note: if you want to halt, you can also type sudo halt into the Terminal.)}

Haddii aad jeclaan lahayd inaad hubiso in nidaamkaagu istaago ama damiyo si caadi ah, amarrada soo socda ayaa sidaas samaynaya.

sudo shutdown -P HH:MM

ama

sudo shutdown -H HH:MM

Labada tusaale, waqtiga dhamaadka waa lagama maarmaan. Ku qorista sudo shutdown -P^{(sudo shutdown -P)} ama sudo shutdown -H wakhti la'aan waxay keeni doontaa fariin kuu sheegaysa in wakhtiga loo baahan yahay.

Maxaa dhacaya haddii aad rabto xoogaa xakameyn dheeraad ah? Amarka xidhidhku waxa uu leeyahay doorashooyin badan. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad rabto inaad ku xidho kombiyuutarkaaga 30 daqiiqo gudahood, markaa sudo shutdown +30 ayaa noqon lahaa amarka.

Haddii aad rabto in aad xidho kombiyuutarka 5:30 PM (tusaale ahaan), markaas sudo shutdown 17:30 ayaa noqon doonta amarka la isticmaalo.

Fiiro gaar ah: dhammaan amarrada dalbanaya waqti waxay isticmaalaan 24-saac, xitaa haddii saacaddaadu ay ku beegan tahay 12-saacadood, markaa sudo xidhitaanka 5:30 waxay noqon doontaa 5:30 subaxnimo.^{(Note: all commands which demand a time use 24-hour time, even if your clock is set to 12-hour time, so sudo shutdown 5:30 would be 5:30 AM.)}

Ugu dambeyntii, haddii aad isticmaashay mid ka mid ah tusaalahan oo waqti ku lifaaqan yahay, oo aad ogaato inaad rabto inaad sii wadato isticmaalka kombiyuutarkaaga, ku qorista sudo shutdown -c fadhi kale oo Terminal ah waxay burin doontaa xiritaanka la qorsheeyay.

Haddii aad rabto in aad dib u bilowdo kombiyuutarka, waxaad haysataa laba ikhtiyaar. Ka hore wali wuxuu isticmaalaa amarka xidhitaanka, laakiin wuxuu ku darayaa ikhtiyaar dhamaadka kaas oo u sheegaya nidaamkaaga inuu dib u bilaabo marka xidhidhku si guul leh u dhamaado.

Dabcan, ku qorista sudo shutdown -r maahan mid dareen leh, marka mahadsanid waxaan si fudud ugu qori karnaa sudo reboot Terminal si aan u fulno isla shay.

Ugu dambeyntii, nidaamyada qaarkood waxay leeyihiin ikhtiyaarro hibernate ama laalista shaashadda caadiga ah ee ka bixitaankooda. Xulashada laaliddu waxay badbaadisaa xaaladdaada hadda, ka dib "ku dhawaad" way xirtaa si aad dhaqso ugu soo noqoto xaaladdaada hadda. Marka shaqada laga joojiyo, kumbuyuutarkaagu wali wuxuu isticmaalaa koronto (muhiim haddii uu ku shaqeeyo laptop).  Hibernate waxay la mid tahay suspend, marka laga reebo xaaladaada hadda lagu kaydiyo saxanka oo kombiyuutarku dansan yahay. Waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad dib u bilowdo nidaamkaaga, laakiin waxaad ku noqon kartaa xaaladdaada hadda mar dib loo bilaabo. Si loo sameeyo mid ka mid ah kuwan khadka taliska, amar maamulaha awooda ayaa la isticmaalaa.

Ku qorista sudo pm-suspend^{(sudo pm-suspend)} waxay joojin doontaa kombiyuutarkaaga.

Sidoo kale,  sudo pm-hibernate waa amarka lagu meeleeyo qaabka hibernate.

Waana taas. Deminta aasaasiga ah iyo amarrada dib-u-kicinta waxay noqon karaan kuwo aasaasi ah, laakiin marka lagu daro beddelayaasha la sheegay (marka lagu daro amarrada hibernate iyo hakinta), waxaad haysataa amarro dhammaystiran oo loogu talagalay maareynta kalfadhiga, dhammaan laga bilaabo fadhiga aasaasiga ah ee Terminal^(Terminal) .

Shutdown and Restart Your Computer From The Ubuntu Terminal

In Linux, it’s pretty simрle (as it іs in most operating systems), to reѕtart your comрuter, logout of your user account, or completely shutdown your system.  Often, it’s as simplе as hitting the power button on your сomputer, or clicking a button оn the toolbar.  In Ubuntu, you’ll see a window like this appear.

You’ll have the option to immediately turn off your computer (after shutting down your session), rebooting, logging out, and more.

All of this can be done via the Terminal as well, which is especially handy for those Ubuntu users who always keep a Terminal session open.  This method also includes a few options, especially for shutting down your system.

Shutdown Ubuntu from Terminal

First, we’ll open a Terminal.

Before we get to the commands, take note that many of the things we’ll do will immediately end your current session, so it’s a good idea to have everything saved while browsing this tutorial, so if – by chance – you mistakenly turn off your computer, you won’t lose anything.

That said, here we go.

The first thing we’ll talk about is shutting down your computer.  We’ll do this using the shutdown command.  At its most basic, we can shutdown our computer by typing the following into Terminal:

sudo shutdown -h now

Unless you’ve recently performed an action as the administrator, you’ll be asked for your password.  Once you successfully enter it, your computer will immediately start the shutdown procedure.

Using this command basically gives your computer the option to either halt or poweroff, then does that immediately.  Halting simply stops all running processes, making it safe to turn off your computer, while the poweroff command does both.

Note: if you want to halt, you can also type sudo halt into the Terminal.

If you would like to ensure that your system halts or poweroffs by default, the following commands do just that.

sudo shutdown -P HH:MM

or

sudo shutdown -H HH:MM

In either instance, the time at the end is necessary.  Typing either sudo shutdown -P or sudo shutdown -H without the time will bring up a message informing you that the time is necessary.

What if you want a bit more control?  The shutdown command has many options.  For instance, if you want to shutdown your computer in 30 minutes, then sudo shutdown +30 would be the command.

If you want to shutdown your computer at 5:30 PM (as an example), then sudo shutdown 17:30 would be the command to use.

Note: all commands which demand a time use 24-hour time, even if your clock is set to 12-hour time, so sudo shutdown 5:30 would be 5:30 AM.

Finally, if you’ve used one of these examples with a time attached, and realize you want to keep using your computer, typing sudo shutdown -c in a different Terminal session will cancel the scheduled shutdown.

If you want to restart your computer, you have two options.  The first still uses the shutdown command, but adds an option at the end that tells your system to restart once the shutdown has completed successfully.

Of course, typing sudo shutdown -r isn’t necessarily intuitive, so thankfully we can simply type sudo reboot into the Terminal to accomplish the same thing.

Finally, some systems have hibernate or suspend options on their standard logout screen.  The suspend option saves your current state, then “almost” shuts down so that you can quickly return to your current state.  While suspended, your computer still uses power (important if running a laptop).  Hibernate is the same as suspend, except your current state is saved to disk and the computer turned off.  You’ll need to restart your system, but can return to your current state once restarted.  To do either of these from the command line, a power manager command is used.

Typing sudo pm-suspend will suspend your computer.

Similarly,  sudo pm-hibernate is the command to place it in hibernate mode.

And that’s it.  The basic shutdown and reboot commands can be very basic, but with the addition of the modifiers mentioned (in addition to the hibernate and suspend commands), you have a very complete set of commands for session management, all from a basic Terminal session.

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