Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad maqashay sharciga xuquuqda daabacaada ee sheegaya lahaanshiyaha xogta ku socota qofka xogta sameeyay. Xaaladdan, xogtu waxa ay tilmaamaysaa hantida garaadka. Laakiin qeexitaan isku mid ah ma lagu dabaqi karaa aaladaha casriga ah ee dhammaan ku xiran internetka^(Internet) ? Xogtu^(Data) waxay dhex martaa waxyaabo badan ka hor iyo ka dib markii la farsameeyo. Haddaba yaa iska leh xogta IoT ee mishiinku soo saartay? ^(IoT)Bal aan eegno.

Yaa iska leh IoT Data

Isticmaalaha ugu dambeeya ma leeyahay xogta IoT ee ay soo aruuriyaan aaladaha caqliga leh ee aad isticmaasho? Mise shirkadii samaysay guddida keli ah ayaa xuquuq ku leh xogta? Nidaamka qalliinka ee sabuuradda kelida ah miyuu kuu sheegayaa inay lahaan doonaan xogta dhex maraysa aaladdaas casriga ah (“Shuruudaha iyo Shuruudaha”) Saaraha guddiga miyuu leeyahay? Kuwa kale ee sheegan kara xogta ay soo aruuriyaan aaladaha smart waxaa ka mid ah kuwa soo saara software-ka ee barnaamijiya aaladaha smart. Tani waa jahawareer ilaa hadda, ma laha tilmaamo cad oo ku saabsan cidda leh xogta IoT .

Isticmaalka-dhamaadka^{(The End-User)}

Kani waa qofka isticmaalaya aaladaha smart ee kala duwan. Maadaama ay yihiin qalab casri ah, dhammaantood waxay ku xiran yihiin internetka^(Internet) . Isticmaalayaasha dhamaadka ah waxay ka heli karaan qalabkan iyaga oo isticmaalaya app-ka la xidhiidha telefoonadooda casriga ah ama si toos ah iyaga oo garaacaya furayaasha qalabka casriga ah.

Ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan xogta shabakada waxaa abuuray isticmaalaha ugu dambeeya. Haddii aan ku dabaqno sharciga xuquuqda daabacaadda waxaas oo dhan, isticmaalaha ugu dambeeya wuxuu noqon lahaa milkiilaha xogta IoT . Nasiib darro, sharciga xuquuqda daabacaada ayaan weli tixgelinin xogta aaladaha smart. Ma jiraan shuruuc loogu talagalay aaladaha IoT waqtiga qorista maqaalkan ( Sebtember 29^{(September 29)} , 2019).

Waxaa jira sharciyo ka jira Midowga Yurub^{(European Union)} oo laga soo saari karo GDPR -kooda . Sharciyadani waxay culays saarayaan hufnaanta isticmaalka xogta iyo habaynta. Waxay u baahan tahay in isticmaalayaasha dhamaadka ah lagu wargeliyo sida xogtooda loo isticmaali doono, dhammaan xogta la kaydiyay, iyo cidda ay kaydiyeen. Waa dhib badan sababtoo ah Shuruudaha iyo Shuruudaha caadiga ah ee^(Conditions) dadku gujiyaan iyaga oo aan xitaa akhriyin. Boggaas Shuruudaha iyo Shuruudaha^(Conditions) waxa laga yaabaa inay ku jiraan qodob sheegaya in adeegsadaha ugu dambeeya uu ka tanaasulayo xuquuqdiisa/keeda xogta oo uu isku mid u wareejinayo horumariyaha software.

Haddii qalabka casriga ahi uu leeyahay shaashad/muujin, isticmaalayaashu waxay baran karaan shuruudaha iyo shuruudaha isticmaalka qalabka. Inta badan aaladaha casriga ah kuma yimaadaan bandhig, markaa way adagtahay in la sharaxo lahaanshaha xogta. Xaaladahan oo kale, buug-gacmeedka la xidhiidha qalabka casriga ah waxa ku jiri kara macluumaadka khuseeya lahaanshaha xogta. Tani waxay qaadan doontaa waqti, si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama dadku aysan wali dhibin cidda leh xogta IoT !

Soosaarayaasha Aaladda Wacan^{(Smart Device Manufacturers)}

Hay'adaha soo saara aaladaha casriga ah (kumbuyuutarada yar-yar ee guddida ah kuwaas oo qaadi kara tallaabooyin gaar ah marka ay wax dhacaan) sidoo kale waxay u tartamayaan xogta ay heleen aaladaha. Waxay abuureen kombuyuutar-yar-yar oo markaa sheegashadooda xogta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, macquul maaha in qof kale la siiyo xuquuqdiisa (dhammaadka isticmaala) sababtoo ah ma garanayno halka xogta lagu kaydin doono iyo sida loo isticmaali doono. Laakin ma jiraan wax badan oo isticmaalaha dhamaadka ah uu samayn karo haddii qalab-sameeyayaasha ay saami ku yeeshaan sheegashadooda xogta iyaga oo aan xitaa waydiisan ogolaanshahan.

Waxay ka kooban yihiin raad-raacayaal hareer mara oggolaanshaha iyo khilaafka isticmaalayaasha si ay u ururiyaan xogta si kastaba. Xogta ayaa mar dambe loo diraa qolo saddexaad oo ku xidhan soosaarayaasha aaladaha casriga ah

Software/App Developers

Kooxaha u abuuraya abka aaladaha casriga ah waxay sidoo kale sheegan karaan xuquuqdooda xog ururin. Kuwanu waa dadka ku waydiin lahaa ogolaansho si aad ugu soo dirto macluumaadka ku saabsan isticmaalka app-ka adeegayaashooda/datacenterayaashooda. T&C (shuruudaha iyo shuruudaha) waxay noqon karaan kuwo khiyaano leh, waxaana laga yaabaa inaad la'aanteed, ka tanaasulaan xuquuqdaada xogta markaad ogolaato T&C. Apps-ka ku jira kombayutarkaada hal-board-ku waxa ay maraan waxyaabo badan. Laga soo bilaabo xogta lagu soo bandhigay qaab cayriin ah ilaa amarrada codka, waxaa jira wax badan oo qalabkaaga casriga ahi ay kaa og yihiin. Waxay la socon karaan caadooyinkaaga: xogta ka heli doonta hanti haddii si sax ah loo sameeyo.

Waxaa jiray kiiskan Samsung Smart TV-yada oo dhageysanaya dhammaan wada-hadallada ka dhacay agteeda. Dib u celin badan ka dib, Samsung ayaa^(Samsung) caddaysay waxa ay tahay inaadan ka hadlin agagaarka Smart TV.

Waa kan waxa Samsung ay ka tiri arrinta.

“If you enable Voice Recognition, you can interact with your Smart TV using your voice. To provide you the Voice Recognition feature, some voice commands may be transmitted (along with information about your device, including device identifiers) to a third-party service that converts speech to text or to the extent necessary to provide the Voice Recognition features to you.

In addition, Samsung may collect and your device may capture voice commands and associated texts so that we can provide you with Voice Recognition features and evaluate and improve the features.

Please be aware that if your spoken words include personal or other sensitive information, that information will be among the data captured and transmitted to a third party through your use of Voice Recognition”

Cadaynta sare, Samsung waxay magacawday qolo saddexaad oo noqon karta xarun xogeed oo lagu martigeliyo meel kasta oo meeraha ah. Qolo saddexaad waxay sidoo kale noqon kartaa bixiyaha adeegga daruuraha oo weydiinaya isla su'aashii hore " yaa iska leh xogta IoT^{(who owns IoT data)} ?"

Wax badan waa in la sameeyaa si loo habeeyo xuquuqda xogta. Fikrad ahaan, waa inay noqotaa isticmaalaha ugu dambeeya (fikradayda), laakiin labadaba kuwa horumariya hardware iyo software waxay waydiisanayaan xuquuqda ururinta xogtaada " si ay u horumariyaan adeegyadooda^{(so that they can improve their services)} ".

Who owns IoT Data? Manufacturer, End User, or some third party?

You might have heard оf the copyright law that states dаtа ownership goes to the person who created the datа. In this case, data refers to intellectuаl proрerties. But can the same definition be apрlied to smart devices all connеcted to the Internet? Data moves through many things before and after it is processed. So exactlу who owns the machine-generated IoT data? Let’s take a look.

Who owns IoT Data

Does the end-user own the IoT data collected by smart devices that you use? Or does the company that created the single board has rights over the data? Does the operating system on the single board tell you that they’ll own the data passing through that smart device (In their “Terms and Conditions”) Does the board manufacturer own it? Among others who can lay claim to data collected by smart devices are the software developers who program the smart devices. This is confusing and as yet, has no clear guidelines as to who owns IoT data.

The End-User

This is the person using different smart devices. Since they are smart devices, they are all connected to the Internet. End-users can access these devices using the related app on their smartphones or directly by punching keys on smart devices.

Almost all of the data on a network is created by the end-user. If we applied the copyright law to all this, the end-user would be the IoT data owner. Unfortunately, copyright law does not yet consider smart devices’ data. There are no laws for the IoT devices at the time of writing this article (September 29, 2019).

There are some laws in the European Union that can be extracted from their GDPR. These laws stress for transparency in data usage and curation. It requires that the end-users should be informed how their data will be used, what all data was being stored, and by whom. It is tricky because of the usual Terms and Conditions that people click on without even reading them. That Terms and Conditions page may contain a clause that the end-user is giving up his/her rights to data and is transferring the same to the software developer.

If the smart device has a screen/display, the users can study the terms and conditions of using a device. Most smart devices do not come with a display, so it is hard to explain the data ownership. In such cases, the manual related to the smart device can include information regarding data ownership. This will take time, however, as people are still not bothered by who owns IoT data!

Smart Device Manufacturers

Entities that manufacture smart devices (single board micro-computers that can take certain actions when something happens) are also contenders for data obtained by the devices. They have created the micro-computers and hence their claim to the data. However, it is not feasible to give away one’s rights (end users) to someone else (the manufacturers) as we don’t know where the data will be stored and how will it be used. But there is not much an end-user can do if the hardware makers stake their claim to data without even asking for such permissions.

They contain trackers that bypass the consent and disagreement of users to collect data anyway. The data is later sent to third parties affiliated with the smart device manufacturers

Software/App Developers

The teams creating apps for smart devices can also claim their right to data collection. These are the people who’d ask you for permission to send information about the app usage to their servers/datacenters. The T&C (terms and conditions) could be tricky, and you may unknowingly, give up your data rights when you agree to the T&C. The apps on your single-board computer go through many things. From data being supplied in raw form to voice commands, there is a lot much that your smart devices know about you. They can keep track of your habits: data that would fetch a fortune if done correctly.

There was this case of Samsung Smart TVs listening to all conversations that happened near it. After a lot of backlash, Samsung clarified what  you should not talk near the Smart TV.

Here is what Samsung said on the issue.

“If you enable Voice Recognition, you can interact with your Smart TV using your voice. To provide you the Voice Recognition feature, some voice commands may be transmitted (along with information about your device, including device identifiers) to a third-party service that converts speech to text or to the extent necessary to provide the Voice Recognition features to you.

In addition, Samsung may collect and your device may capture voice commands and associated texts so that we can provide you with Voice Recognition features and evaluate and improve the features.

Please be aware that if your spoken words include personal or other sensitive information, that information will be among the data captured and transmitted to a third party through your use of Voice Recognition”

In the above clarification, Samsung names a third party that could be a data center hosted anywhere on the planet. A third party can also be a cloud service provider asking the same old question “who owns IoT data?”

A lot has to be done to standardize the data rights. Ideally, it should be the end-user (in my opinion), but both hardware and software developers ask for rights to collect your data “so that they can improve their services“.

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